英语写作技巧——句子写作的基本要求
1.完整性(Unity)
完整性是英语句子写作的第一要素，它既指结构上的完整，又指意义上的完整。首先从结构上来看，无论是简单句、并列句还是复合句，都必须有完整的句子成分。下面佛山韦博英语学校为大家展示几组例句。
Original: Calling home twice a week when一was at school.(分析:缺乏主语。)Revised: I called home twice a week when I was at school.
Original: Walking along the river in the Indian summer relaxing both my body and mymind.(分析:缺乏谓语。)
Revised: Walking along the river in the Indian summer will relax me physically andMentally.
Original: Many students go to school and live at home. In this way combining theadvantages of both school and home.(分析:误将分词短语作为一个独立的句子。)Revised: Many students go to school and live at home, in this way combining the advantagesof both school and home.
Original: The pulp of pumpkins is also used in making pumpkin pie. A traditionalThanksgiving dish in America.(分析:误将名词短语作为一个独立的句子。)Revised: The pulp of pumpkins is also used in making pumpkin pie that is a traditionalThanksgiving dish in America.(说明:也可将原句中第一个句号变逗号，构成同位语。)其次，从意义上看，一个完整的句子所表达的意思应该是完整的，而不是残缺不全的。
请阅读下面佛山韦博英语学校准备的两组例句。
Original: Born in a small town in North China in the early 1960s, he grew up to be a veryfamous novelist.(分析:信息缺失造成句子之间缺少逻辑联系。)Revised: He was born in a small town in North China in the early 1960s, His father read hima lot of novels when he was a little boy. Under his father's influence, he grew up to be a veryfamous novelist in 1980s.
Original: Nowadays, Bicycles are so popular.(分析:信息缺失造成句子表达不准确。)Revised: Nowadays, Bicycles are so popular in China that almost every family has atleast one.
2.连贯性(Coherence)
连贯性是指句子中的词语和组成部分应恰当地衔接，它们之间的关系应十分清楚，句子的表述应该是通畅合理的。
Original: Looking out of the window, a group of students are playing happily on thegrassland.(分析:分词的逻辑主语与全句的主语不一致。)Revised: Looking out of the window, he saw a group of students playing happily on theGrassland.
Original: My father told him that he had gained a very important lesson just now.(分析:代词指代不明确。)
Revised: My father told him，“You have gained a very important lesson just now.”
Original :A man should not he judged by what he says but by his deeds.(分析:平行结构不平行。)
Revised: A man should not be judged by what he says but by what he doesOriginal: The plan we prepared at first sounded good.(分析:修饰语和被修饰语的关系不明确。）
Revised: The plan we first prepared sounded good. /The plan we prepared sounded good atfirst.
Original: Students should learn to analyze and solve the problem independently. Don'talways rely on your teachers' help.(分析:人称上混乱。)Revised: Students should learn to analyze and solve the problem independently. They shouldnot always rely on their teachers' help.
Original: Between the two windows hang a picture.(分析:单复数上混乱。)Revised: Between the two windows hangs a picture.
3.简洁性(Conciseness)
只要意思充分地表达了，用词越少越好。佛山韦博英语学校提醒写作者在写完一篇文章之后，比较好仔细检查一两遍，看看有没有一些词句可以删去而又不影响意思的表达。
Original: Annabelle is a very charming woman.
Revised: Annabelle is very charming.
Original: He is a boy who is twelve year, old.
Revised: He is twelve.
Original: In my opinion, I think we should take effective measures to stop environmentalpollution.
Revised: In my opinion, we should take effective measures to stop environmental pollution.
Original: My father is very particular about the wine and he only drinks the wine that isproduced in France.
Revised: My father is very particular about the wine and he only drinks French wine.
Original: Helena, who is a freshman in Peking University, goes to the lake every morningwhere she will read aloud
Revised: Helena. a freshman in Peking University, goes一。the lake every morning to readaloud.
4.强调性(Emphasis)
凡是重要的意思都应在表达时予以突出。说话时人们可以通过提高声音、放慢语速、加上手势等方法来表示强调；而在写文章时，佛山韦博英语学校提醒大家也可通过使用各种强调手段让思想表达得更加透彻有力。
(1)助动词do (does, did)用于加强陈述句和祈使句的语气。
例句A: The letter I was expecting塑arrive yesterday.我期待的那封信昨天终于到了。
例句B:Do come to visit us, if you are free.有空的时候一定要来啊。
(2)用形容词very, every, only, single, such等修饰名词来加强语气。
例句A: That's the very textbook we used last term.这正是我们上学期用过的教材。
例句B: You are the only person here who can speak French.你是这里罕有的会讲法语的人。
(3)用ever, so, such，never, very, just, badly，really, definitely等副词进行强调。
例句A: This is just what I wanted.这正是我所要的。
例句B: I really don't know what to do next.我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。
(4)用in the world, under the sun, on earth, in hell,at all 等介词短语进行强调。
例句A: Where in the world could he be?他到底会在哪儿?
例句B: Are you worried about the forecast at all ？你对这项预报没有丝毫担心吗?
(5)用感叹句来表达强烈的感情，突出说话人的喜怒哀乐。
例句A: How interesting a story it is!这是一个多么有趣的故事啊!
例句B: Oh, what a lie!啊，真是弥天大谎!
(6)用重复来进行强调。
例句A: Why! Why! The cage is empty!为什么!为什么!笼子是空的。
例句B: They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多好多里路。
(7)用破折号、黑体字、大写或斜体字进行强调。
例句A: I agree with every word you've said一every single word.我同意你说的每句话—每一个字。(every single和破折号共同运用，增强了强调的效果。)例句B: It's YOUR task, Anna.，to escort this officer to the frontier.安娜，把这个军官护送到边境去是你的任务。
(8)用否定或双重否定的形式表示肯定的意思，以加强语气。
例句A: One can't he too careful with work.一个人无论怎样认真地对待工作都不过分。
例句B: There is no pain so great that time will not soften.没有时间不能抚平的伤痛。
(9)用比较级、高级或类似的用法进行强调。
例句A: That is the best meal I have ever tasted.那是我吃过的比较好吃的饭。
例句B: To invent a lie about my mistake is the last thing I will do.编造说言掩盖自己的错误是我不愿意做的事情。
(10)用层进法进行强调。层进法就是在一定的句子成分后面加上let alone, not tomention, not to speak of, to say nothing of等附加语,以强调后面的事物。
例句A: Those days, we could not send our children to middle school, let alone college.那时候，我们连送孩子上中学都负担不起，更不要说上大学了。
例句B: He can not speak English, to say nothing of French.他连英语都不会说，更别提法语了。
（11）用If条件句来进行强调。主句通常是"I don’一know who (what, etc.)does/is/has, etc.”“nobody (everybody, etc.)does/is/has, etc.”或“it be…’等。
例句A: If you can't do it. I don't know who can.要是你做不了这件事，我不知道还谁能做。
例句B: If there is one thing she loves, it is money.如果说(世界上)还有她爱的东西，那便是金钱。
(12)用it引导强调句型。
例句A: It was we who held a League meeting in the club yesterday，是我们昨天在俱乐部召开了一次团会。(强调主语，是我们而不是其他人。)例句B:It was in the club that we held a League meeting yesterday.我们昨天是在俱乐部召开了一次团会。(强调地点，是在俱乐部而不是在礼堂或其他地方。)(13)用what引导强调句型、这种结构只能用来强调句中的主语或宾语。
例句A: What Mrs. Calder is proud of is her son's success，卡尔德夫人引以为傲的是她儿子的成功。(强调介词宾语。)例句B: What made his mother sad was his had manner.使他母亲伤心的是他那种恶劣的态度。(强调主语。)(14)用倒装句进行强调。佛山韦博英语学校为考生整理的倒装有，可分为将整个谓语置于主语之前的全部倒装(full inversion)和仅将助动词、情态动词或be动词等功能词置于主语之前的部分倒装(partial inversion)。
例句A: Save him she could not; but she avenged him in the most terrible fashion afterwards,她没有办法挽救他，但她终以一种可怕的方式为他报了仇。
例句B: Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
5.多样性(Variety)
一篇好的文章必须要有多样化的句式，否则文章就会显得单调、枯燥。不同长度、不同结构及不同类型句子的交替使用。会让文章顿时生动起来。下而佛山韦博英语学校来介绍几种基本方法和句式。
(I)长短句交替使用。
例句:Then, suddenly, all of the young people were up out of their seats, screaming andshouting and crying, doing small dances of joy. All except Vingo.突然之间，所有的年轻人都从座位上跃起.他们尖叫、大喊.有些人跳起了欢乐的舞。除了文戈。（点评:21个词的长句把喧闹的气氛渲染到更好后，仅3个词的短句令沸腾场而顿时凝固，但却回味无穷。)(2)使用连接词合并简单句。
Original: The teacher is deeply attracted by the movie. The students are deeply attracted bythe movie. too.
Revised: Not only the teacher but also the students are deeply attracted by the movie.
(3)使用从句将简单句变为复合句。
Original: He studied civil engineering there. He wanted to build a highway for his homevillage in the future. He loved his village very much.
Revised: He chose civil engineering as his major because one of his dreams was to build a highway for his home village, which he dearly loved.
(4)使用There be句型。
例句A: There will be abundant evidence to prove his innocence.大量的证据能证明他是无辜的。
例句B: There seems to be an irreversible trend in the replacement of mineral oil as the main power of automobile.对汽车矿油能源的替代似乎成为不可逆转的趋势。
(5)使用以介词、副词或数词作句首的句型。
例句A: With the rapid development of global communication, cultural shock has become an obstacle in front of those who live or study in a foreign country whose culture is quite different from their own.随着全球交流的快速发展，文化冲击已经成为在完全不同文化背景下居住和学习的外国人所面临的一个障碍。
例句B: Undoubtedly, the gap between the poor and the rich has become much wider than before.毫无疑问，贫富差距已经变得比以前更大了。
(6)使用以形容词或分词作句首的句型。
例句A: Born in a poor family, he knew how hard life would he without money.出生在贫困家庭，他知道没有钱生活会突得多么艰难。
例句B: Disappointed completely with what he has done, Francis decided to split with him without any delay.对他的所作所为太失望了.弗朗西斯决定立刻和他断绝关系。
(7)使用it形式主语或形式宾语句型。
例句A: It is apparent/obvious/evident that effective meaures should he taken to solve theproblem of heavy traffic in Beijing to pave the way for the coming 2008 Olympic Games，很显然，应该采取有效措施来解决北京的交通拥堵问题，以便为2008年奥运会做好准备。
例句B: The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.含太多尘埃的空气使人们难以拍摄到清晰的太空照片。
(8)使用同位语结构。
例句A: I plan to spend my holiday in Hawaii, the beautiful tropical islands with luxurious entertainment.我计划在夏威夷这座充满奢华钱乐的美丽的热带岛屿度假。
例句B: Michael Douglas. an actor, producer and husband of Catherine Zeta Jones, is one of the biggest box-office draws in the 1980s and 1990s.迈克尔·道格拉斯，这位演员、制片人，以及凯瑟琳·泽塔·琼斯的丈夫，成为20世纪80到90年代比较具有票房价值的艺人之一。
(9)使用独立结构。
例句A: The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决后.我们回家了。
例句B: He came out of the hank hurriedly, with a big envelope under his arm.他匆匆走出银行，腋下夹着一个大信封。(用with或without引导的独立结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容i司、介词短语、副词或名词等形式。)
(10)用其他方法增强句子的多样性。
(10)用其他方法增强句子的多样性。
Original: The days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation arc gone.(分析:这样表达虽然文字通顺.但语意不很突出。)Revised: Gone are the days when we suffered from oppression and exploitation.(点评:采用倒装句式后，充分体现出受剥削受压迫的人民解放后扬眉吐气的心情。)Original: When you turn on TV, you will，a lot of advertisements on it.(分析:此句没有任何语法错误，但总给人一种句式平淡、缺乏力量的感觉。)
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