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英语高考阅读方法和技巧

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英语 高考阅读方法和技巧

高考中英语为得分大项,掌握英语应试技巧,夺得130甚至140以上的高分,将是高考夺魁的制胜法宝。下面是小编收集整理的一些英语高考阅读方法和技巧,大家一起来看看吧!

分门别类识别文体

记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素,即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果,以及人物之间的关系、表现,从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等;议论文是阐明作 者对人或事的好坏的立场观点,因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据,理清论证思路,再进行逻辑推理得出结论;应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体,它包括 通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历,形式多样,题材各异,如图示、表格、地址、网址等,对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息,理解文章内容。

统览全篇摘录要点

阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解,而不是断章取义的一孔之见,所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的,这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。

如2002年本市中考试卷C篇阅读并回答问题中,通过对全篇的布局谋篇以及问题的设置看到的不是片言只语,而从中感悟到人文思想的体现,人类和自然界生态相辅相成的关系,从而得出第6小题:From the passage,we learn that ______. 答案为B:

The rainforest people have done some- thing to protect their home.

在统览全篇的同时要注意要点的摘录,因为一些显性的答案是可以从要点中直接回答,而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。统览全篇,摘录要点亦有利于检查时节省时间。

开动脑筋推测词意

初中英语(课程)学科教学基本要求规定,学生能根据上下文推测词义,并能不借助词典读懂含有3%生词的语言材料,换言之,这就是促使学生的知识内化的过程,学生要通过知识内化将内隐的心理活动转换为外显的行为,可以借助以下的几种方法完成内化过程:

根据上下文猜测词意

如闸北区2003年中考模拟题,阅读B篇中p assed away,根据上文的An illness had kept the boy home和下文写给Rick的信中可以猜测出意为“去世”。

根据构词法猜测词意

前缀un-表反义词,如happy、unhappy,fair、unfair,important、unimportant等。

后缀- ment表名词,如develop、development,state、statement,argue、argument等。

后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词,如c alculate、calculator,visit、visitor,law、lawyer,wait、waiter,sci- ence、scientist,art、artist等。

英语高考阅读方法和技巧

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高考英语阅读理解实用解题技巧

一、事实细节题

对于事实细节题,剖析一下不难看出,事实细节的内容不会单独出现,它总会与前前后后的段落内容相呼应。考生只要抓住整体大纲,看懂主题,利用内容间的因果关系,通过时间空间的关系转换,并对细节进行深入的剖析了理解,确定主题,将零碎的细节组成一个有机整体,就能深刻理解材料的内容,从而轻松解决问题。

例:At the foot of these fairy mountains, the voyager may have seen the light smoke rising from a village. It is a little village with great age, having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists and there were some of the houses of the original settlers living within a few years,built of some yellow bricks brought from Holland, having latticed windows (格子窗).

What can we learn from the third paragraph?

A. There is too much thick smoke in the village.

B. The village is very large but it looks old

C. The original settlers once built some house of Dutch style

D. The village was once very rich in resources

分析:从It is a little village with great age , having been founded by some of the Dutch colonists and there were some of the houses of the original settlers living within a few years中可以很快推断出答案C为正确答案。答案A中的too much thick smoke和原文中的the light smoke相矛盾。答案B也和原文中的a little village不一致。答案D的内容原文没有涉及到。

二、词句理解题

词句理解题主要讲究的是理解题意,通过短文的词、短语或句子的理解来充分理解题意,,碰到不熟悉的词语要避过,先略读再通读,仔细推敲,尤其是对语境的理解要准确。

例:1. When everyone agrees on a decision, the decision is unanimous.

A. 无效的 B. 一致通过的

C. 匿名的 D. 有价值的

2. Food that contains good and healthy things is nutritious.

A. 有营养的 B. 鼓励的

C. 珍贵的 D. 稀少的

3. The farmer is the most important person in the movie. He is the hero.

A. 英雄 B. 主角 C. 偶像 D. 象征

利用上面的方法,我们不难找出答案分别是B A B

三、推理判断题

推理判断题最主要的就是注重文章结构的逻辑关系,抓住关键词,结合有关的生活和社会常识,理清文章的结构层次、文章内容和文章的中心思想,推断作者的写作意图和写作目的,进行推断。

例如: Question forms:

The writer’s attitude toward ... is______.

The writer thought that ______.

According to the author ______

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高考英语阅读理解怎样做

主旨大意题

主旨大意题主要考查学生对所读材料(或所读材料片断)中心思想的概括。做这类题时,考生应通读全文,把握文章大意或中心思想,同时注意文章的主题句,因为主题句表达中心思想,其他句子均围绕主题句进行展开。主题句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方,但位于段落中间(通常是第一段或最后一段的中间)也是完全可能的。主旨大意题的考查形式很多,如概括标题、主题、段意、中心思想等。请看下面一个段落:

In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget. But none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible.

◎What is the subject discussed in the text?

A. The writer’s unhappy school life

B. The writer’s eagerness to earn money

C. The writer’s experience as a full-time worker

D. The writer’s hard work in an apple plant

原文共有五个自然段,上面摘录的只是文章的第1个自然段,但是如果考生训练有素的话,只要读完这个段落就可猜出此题的答案了。因为文章第一句说In the course of working my way through school, I took many jobs I would rather forget,接着作者用but引出一个新的情况(即主题句):none of these jobs was as dreadful as my job in an apple plant. 再接下来又说:  The work was hard; the pay was poor; and, most of all, the working conditions were terrible. 聪明的读者至此应该可以猜测到,下面的几个段落肯定是介绍这个apple plant 的work是如何的hard,它的pay是如何的poor,它的working conditions 是如何的terrible 等。比较四个选项,只有选项D所表述内容合乎上面的分析,故选D。

事实细节题

顾名思义,事实细节题即指针对文章的某个事实或细节而设置的试题。事实细节题的命题方法很多,如可能是对某个细节用同义结构转换后进行考查、也可能是将文章中的几个细节(通常是四个)放在一起要求考生判断是非(选出正确的一项或选出错误的一项)或对几个细节进行排序等。解答这类试题时,一个常用的方法就是运用定位法,即根据题干或选项中的线索词从原文中找到相关的句子,与选项进行比较从而确定答案(此时要特别注意一些常见的同义转换或简单换算)。请看下面一道事实细节题:

Tuition Fees(学费)

Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui@waikato.ac.nz

Accommodation(住宿)

You can have a room in a 4-bedrcom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: ave@walkato.ac.nz

◎You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.

A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000

根据Tuition fees一节的内容可知,一年的学费最低为5,000美元,再根据Accommodation(住宿)一节可知,除学费外,还有住宿费(每月100美元)和生活费(每月150美元),即一年大约共3,000美元,所以在WaiKato大学读书一年至少要花费5,000+3,000=8,000美元,故答案为B。

代词指代题

这类题要求考生根据一定的上下文推测代词的指代意义,它主要考查考生在一定语境中对上下文逻辑关系的正确理解。做这类题时,考生不仅要读懂相关句子的句意,理顺相关句子的逻辑关系,而且还要学会合理变通,尤其要学会变通理解其中的同义表达。请看下面一个片断和一个道词义猜测题:

Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this. Nothing in such statements supports the idea that there is anything very different about the problem solving that leads to discoveries of the great contributions to the society. The act of discovery, even in the relatively predictable(可以预见的) sense that it occurs in everyday learning, involves(涉及) a “sudden insight” which changes the problem situation into a solution situation. As we have seen, everyday discovery also requires that the learner have the knowledge of the rules gained in the past, which is involved in the solution.

What does the underlined word “this” refer to?

A. Great contributions to the society.

B. Long-time study of the subject matter.

C. Various statements about problem solving.

D. Complete devotion to artistic creation.

此题答案选B。答案的直接依据是文章中的Many creative thinkers state that they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time. Indeed, it would be strange if they had not done this 这两句话。从句意和句子结构上看,this在此指代的应是they have completely devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem, often over fairly long periods of time,比较四个选项,只有B与之吻合,因为选项中的long-time与原文中的over fairly long periods of time属同义表达,选项中的study of the subject matter 与原文中的devoted themselves to the subject matter of the problem属同义表达。

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高中英语阅读理解高分技巧

喧宾夺主:

喧宾夺主也就是主次颠倒,没有弄清主次关系。通俗讲,就是在阅读理解中,对于问题中的题支,能够在文中找到相对应的部分或者是句子,但是只有一个是最主要的,其他表述都是次要的,这个主要的就是围绕问题展开叙述的。这种类型的错误常见于:归纳短文意思、给短文选择最适合的标题等类型的问题中。

例如:2013英语上海卷C篇75题,问题是:“Which of the following might be the best title of thepassage?”,题支为:A.Father of Robotic Fly B.Inspiration from Engineering Science C. Robotic Fly Imitates Real Life Insect D. Harvard Breaks Through in Insect Study。根据文章每个答案都有提及,看起来都好像是正确的。通过文章,找出原来是围绕Robotic和life来讲的,这就是最主要的主体,因此正确。而A中father、B中Inspiration、D中Breaks Through都只是辅助部分甚至没提到。所以遇到喧宾夺主的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

答非所问:

这个相比大家都懂了,人家问西你答东。题支中的回答和题干不相符。这种问题应该是最简单的,相信不少人火眼晶晶就能够看出来。比较准确地说是就是不相关。由于高考想区别出等级,所以需要难度,这种类型的题就比较少了,最为常见于初中英语题中以及高中平时模拟练习中。

例如:比如2013高考山东卷73题B答案。问题是“For what purpose did Pearson start the advertisingcampaign?”,答案中为“A. To build a good relationship with the public B. To stress the unusual tradition of Sparrow C. To lean about customers; ”B、C答案关键词为unusual tradition、customers,文中并没有围绕这个来说(当然这里这个例子是不够精确)。所以遇到答非所问的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

强加因果:

强加因果就是本来两件事情就没有因果关系,却在题支中说出两个的因果关系,这都是错误的题支。这种类型的错误是比较少见的,但是一旦出现,不容易发现,尤其是逻辑性比较强的问题。应对方法是,对于有因果叙述的问题,需要自习推敲一下,看看是否是真的有因果关系。

例如:文章中讲了全球气候变暖( global warming),文章中可能讲乱砍乱伐、汽车尾气、燃烧秸秆等等问题,在问题中,问你造成全球变暖是由什么造成的,题支中给你一个选项就是乱砍乱伐,可能你就会想:乱砍乱伐——树木减少——光合作用减少——二氧化碳消耗减少——大气中热、二氧化碳增多——所以全球气候变换,这就是典型的想多了! 所以遇到这种强加因果的答案可以:直接判为错误答案!

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