英语动词用法

动词，顾名思义表示动作，动态的一个个词，通常在一个句子里会包含主语，谓语，宾语。动词一般作为谓语，下面小编告诉你英语动词用法，大家一起来看看吧!

英语动词用法：

两类其后是否带有宾语：及物动词，不及物动词，缩写分别为vt和vi，同一动词有时可用作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。

如：She can dance and sing. sing作不及物动词的

She can sing many English songs . sing作及物动词的

根据是否受主动的人称和数的限制分别是：限定动词，非限定动词。

She sings very well。

(sing受主语she的限制，故用第三人称单数形式sings)

She wants to learn English well。

(learn 不受主语she的限制，没有词形变化)

英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式(to do..)，动名词(doing..)，分词(doing ,done..)。

动词可分为三数：单词，短语动词或动词短语。

The English language contains mang phrasal verbs and verbal phrases.

contains是单字动词

Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.

look up是短语动作

The young ought to take care of the old.

take care of 是动词短语

五种形态：原形，第三人称单数形式，过去式，过去分词，现在分词，

系动词(联系动词)，作为系动词有些不具词义，有些具有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语(补语)，构成系表结构说明主语的状况，性质，特征情况

状态系动词：表示主语状态，只有be一词:

如：He is a teacher . is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。

持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，keep,remain ,stay .

如：He always kept silent at meeting

感官系动词，feel ,smell, sound , taste

如：This flower smells very sweet .

表像系动词，seem, appear ,look ..

如：He looks tired

最常用的助动词有：be ,have ,do, will，shall, should ,would.)协助主要动词构成谓语动词组的词，叫且动词。)被协助的动词称作主要动词，且动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。He doesn't like English.

(doesn't 是助动词，无词义，like是主要动词，有词义)

When shall we see you next?( shall是助动词)

短语动词：动词后跟名词，介词，副词，代词等构成固定词组，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种词叫作短语动词或动词短语。短语动词可以由两个词组成：take out 也可以由三个词组成。

动词+副词，如 back out

动词+介词，如 look into

动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to

情态动词，有一定词义，表示能力，允许，许可，可能，必须，劝告，意愿等概念或态度，它不能单独用作谓语，需要和其他动词一起构成谓语，动词没有人称和数的变化，其后跟动词原形。

can ,could 表示能力，能，会;表示许可;表示可能，表推测

may , might 表示许可，请求。表示可能，表示信念和希望。表示推测。

must表示义务，强迫，是说话人的主观看法;表示强烈的禁止;表示必然结果，表示推测。

need 和dare 主要用于疑问名和否定句和条件句

shall表示将来，暗指未来要发生的事情是自然之结果，主观的意志，主语常用第一人称。

need to do....

dare to do....表行为动词

给表示说话者将来的意思，陈述其命令，决心，警告，允诺，坚持，规定等含义，常与第二，三人称连用。

在问句中表示征求对方意见，主动提出做某事，用于第一，三人称，常用句型”shall,we/I ?" Let's+肯定动词，shall,we?

should表示应当，应该，表示推测，表示委婉，谦逊的语气，要与提出意见。

ought to 表示应该，如应该承担责任，义务， 表示对过去，现在，将来的推测。

will表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。

表示主观意志和愿望 ，表示坚持 (肯定句)和拒绝;表示请求拜托或劝说;表示对现在的推测。

would是will的过去形式，可以表示过去的愿望 ，过去的坚持和拒绝以及过去的习惯等。

在陈述句和疑问句中表示请求，愿望 ，个人看法时，比will更客气，也有表示表示推测的情况。

情态动词在表示对现在动作的推测时，常用“情态动词+动词原形 ”的形式 ，用于对过去动作的推测时常用”情态动词+have+动词过去分词 “的形式

must do .......; must have done......

情态动词表示推测时,其区别在于说话者对所说内容的把握的大小,情态动词表示推测的把握性从大到小的排列顺序

must- will- would- ought to- should- can/could -may/ might动词时态,:时态是英语中谓语动词的一种形式,动词发生的时间和所处的状态,英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.

英语语法动词总结：

Ⅰ动词(时态,语态,用法,省略,一致性等)

1.时态1)现在完成进行时态 (have/has been + -ing 分词构成): 动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.

2)过去完成进行时(由had been + ing分词构成): 过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

3)将来完成进行时: 将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

4)将来完成时(由shall/will have + 过去分词构成): 将来某时会业已发生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

2.语态1)可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如:He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.

能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

担当be supposed to 与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如:Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你应该晓得速度限制)

2)双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态a)双宾语结构的被动语态: 双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

b)宾补结构的被动语态:She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.

3.短语动词1)Vi + advThe plane took off two hours late.2)Vi + prepThey looked round the Cathedral.3)Vi + prep (有被动语态)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.4)Vi + adv + prepI began to look forward to their visits.5)Vt + O + advSome women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6)Vt + adv + O (无被动语态)I am trying to give up smoking.7)Vt + O + prepWe talked Donald into agreement.

4.省略1)在以as, than, when, if, unless等引导的从句中的省略: 在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是it b),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉.a)Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.

b)If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver) necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.

2)在以than a) 或 as b) 引起的从句中,常会有一些成分省略.a)He told me not to use more material than (it is) necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.

b)They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people (did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.

3)错误的省略 His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know. While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.

5.一致1)如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引导的短语,谓语动词仍旧用单数形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.

2)代词作主语时的一致a)each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词,都作单数看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you?

b)some, few, both, many 等作复数

c)some 可后接复数,也可接单数,表示某一.none作复数看待时较多,但也有时作单数看待,主要看说话人脑中联系想到的是复数还是单数概念, 但none 在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数:None of the books are easy enough for usNone of us seem to have thought of it.None (= not a single one) of us has got a camera.None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.

all 和most 可后接复数,也可接不可数名词 (all of the…, most of the …), 动词用单数.

3)由and 或 both… and 连接名词词组时, 后用复数; 由not only…but (also), either…or, neither…nor或 or 连接的并列主语, 谓语通常和最邻近的主语一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.

如果一个句子是由there 或here引导, 而主语又不止一个, 谓语通常也和最邻近的那个主语一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.

4)people, police, cattle, poultry (家禽), militia (民兵) 等通常都用作复数.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.

有些集体名词有时作单数看待, 有时作复数看待, 主要根据意思来决定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.

The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.

The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.

有些名词单复数同形, 可根据意思决定谓语动词的数:This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.

This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.

5)表示时间, 重量, 长度, 价值等的名词, 尽管仍是复数形式, 如果作整体看待, 动词也可用单数形式 (当然用复数动词也是可以的):Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.

6)其他问题a)书名, 国家名用单数:Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.

b)学科名, 如mathematics, economics用单数.c)many a 或more than one 所修饰的词作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式:Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.

a number of 后接复数, the number of后接单数:A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.

d)one of those 后用单数. 在“one of + 复数名词 +关系分句”结构中，关系分句中谓语动词的单复数形式在一般情况下有两形式，一是根据先行词采用复数形式：Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

当one 之前友the only 等限定词和修饰语时，关系分句谓语动词根据one 而定，即采用单数形式：He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.

英语动名词的用法：

一、动名词的简介

动名词既具有动词的性质,又具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。

1.动名词的动词性质表现在,它可以组成动名词短语,如:

My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.

我的工作是为老板安排日程。

I finished the project in a month by working overtime.

我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。

2.动名词的名词性质表现在,它可以在句中用作主语、宾语等,如:

Studying abroad can be a good experience.

留学是一种很好的经历。(作主语)做主语

I regret telling her the truth.

我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)

二、动名词的形式和特征

1.动名词的主动形式:doing

2.动名词的被动形式:being done

3.动名词的复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词

She suggested us forgiving him.

她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.

他不懂英语,这给他带来许多麻烦。(作主语)

Our only worry is George's overestimating himself.

我们担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)

I strongly object to your delivering the speech.

我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)

三、动名词的用法

1.动名词作主语

Retelling stories is very useful.

复述故事是很有用的。

Her resigning surprises us.

她的辞职让我们很惊讶。

在一些句子中,常用it作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。

此类句型有:

It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing

sth.

It is no good crying.

哭没有好处。

It is no use fixing.

修也没有用。

It is great fun traveling.

旅行很有趣。

It is a waste of time playing computer games.

玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

It is + useless+ doing sth.

It is useless crying.

哭没有用。

2.动名词作表语

Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

My idea is making a plan first.

我的想法是先做一个计划出来。

3.动名词作宾语

动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如:

I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.

我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)

I'm afraid of going to the dentist.

我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语)

4.动名词作定语

I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.

我想选个带游泳池的房子。

快速学好英语动词的方法：

首先，正确理解状态动词。

动词是表示发生的动作或存在的状态。动作是指主语做什么，看得见，学生容易理解，不多解释。对于状态，学生难于理解，很多学生是一头雾水。因为状态是强调主语是什么或怎么样。例如，Tom在房间里，学生翻译成：Tom in his room.这就说明没有养成良好的学习习惯，学生潜意识中，动词就只是表示动作，因而不能正确地理解和运用状态动词。因此，知道什么是状态动词才是关键。

第二，熟练运用非行为动词。

小编在教学中把英语动词仅分为两类。一类是行为动词，一类是非行为动词。这样分，学生容易理解，更容易灵活地使用。为什么呢?因为动词大致可分为四类：系动词、情态动词、助动词和行为动词。但是前三类动词的用法可以说基本上雷同，所以完全可以归为一类。如果学生把非行为动词的用法熟记于心，那么在阅读和写作中就会得心应手了。

第三，熟记动词句型。

所谓动词句型，就是以动词为中心的短语，如want (sb.) to do sth, let sb. do sth, look forward to doing, It takes sb. some time to do sth.等。这样的句型学生必须牢记。否则的话，做练习或考试时就很困难，书面表达中就无法写出正确的句子来。

第四，熟记短语动词。

英语中短语动词太多太多，只有日积月累，才能学有余力。小编在教学中一直对学生严格要求，每天务必记住当天所学的短语动词。只有这样才能做好练习，应付测试，写好作文，才能熟练地与他人进行交流沟通。我们学习英语的目的只有一个，就是运用英语。

第五，认真揣摩动作所发生的时间，运用相应的时态。

很多学生受汉语影响，不能从汉语句子的字面上去揣摩动作所发生的时间。例如，我们在北京住了两天，字面上没有明显的过去时间状语，但很明显是指过去。因此这句应翻译为：We stayed in Beijing for two days.小编在教学中着力培养学生的悟性。每提到动词，就让学生揣摩动作所发生的时间，久而久之，学生就能正确地运用时态了。

第六，切记汉语式运用动词。

例如，早起对人身体健康有益，就不能翻译成：Get up early is good for health. 我的工作是打信件，就不能翻译为：My work is type letter. 这两句都是受汉语思维影响，错误地按汉语逐字翻译而成。我们学习英语动词，就应该将动词短语看作一个整体去运用。记住一点，主语是名词性的，而谓语必须以动词为核心。

总之，在英语学习过程中，学生务必快速学好动词。上面小编所提到的几点，对于正确理解和灵活运用动词来说，一定会起到提纲挈领的作用。懒学生是肯定学不好英语的，只有孜孜不倦，肯钻研的学生才能事半功倍。相信自己一定行，赶紧行动起来吧!