初中英语非谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。下面小编告诉你初中英语非谓语动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!

初中英语非谓语动词的用法：

一、非谓语动词的种类

非谓语动词，顾名思义，即不能作句子的谓语用的动词，也称动词的非限定形式。主要分为动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词和动名词四种，非谓语动词也有动词的特征，可有自己的状语和宾语。

二、动词不定式(The Infinitive)

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，有加“to”和省to两种形式，可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语，宾语补足语、状语等成份。

1、动词不定式作主语。

To get an Injection is a little painful.

To complain too much isn’t a good thing.

注：(1)不定式作主语，整个结构看成一个整体，谓语用单数形式，还可用it作形式主语而把不定式放于句末，保持句子平衡。如

It takes me two hours to finish my English homework.

It’s difficult to Learn English Well.

(2)不定式作主语有两种特殊结构，一般认为是由for 或of引导其逻辑主语，如

It’s important for us learn a foreign language.

It’s difficult for us to finish it on time.

It’s kind /good/nice of you to help me.

It’s clever /foolish/polite/careful/careless of you to do that.

2、动词不定式作表语。

My job is to feed animals.

Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy.

His wish is to become a singer.

3、动词不定式作宾语

He wants to borrow a book from me.

I hope to see my pen friend as soon as possible.

Children love to play games.

I found it difficult to get on with him.(it为形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式)

注：不定式有时与疑问句where, how, what, which, when, who 等连用，作动词的宾语。

如： What to do

I don’t know How to do it

Where to go

When to set off

Which one to choose

Who to ask

He gave a talk on how to study English Well.

4、不定式作定语

Would you like something to drink /to read/to eat?

I have a lot of homework to do.

I have something important to tell you.

5、不定式作宾语补足语。分省“to”和加“to”两种。

I told him to do it himself.(加to)

He asked me to buy some oranges for him.(加to)

We didn’t expect him to be the winner.(加to)

I often saw him go to the cinema last year.(省to)

Please let the boy come in.(省to)

The boss makes the workers work ten hours a day.(省to)

注：感观动词(see, watch, notice, hear, feel)和使役动词(have, let , make)后用省to不定式作宾补，但改成被动语态时，不定式前加to，宾语补语相应变成主语补语。

如;The workers are made to work ten hours a day.

6、作状语

They went to the shop to buy some school things.(目的状语)

My sister to young to go to school.(结果状语)

三、现在分词(The Present Participle)和过去分词(The Past Participle)

现在分词由动词加“ing”构成(构成方式略)表示主动或正在进行;过去分词由规则动词加“ed”或查不规则动词表，一般表示被动或动作已完成。分词主要起形容词和副词作用，可在句中作表语定语，状语、宾补等成份。

1、作表语

The news is exciting.

The result is amazing

The window is broken.

The door is locked.

2、作定语

Do you know the young man standing under the tree?

The woman wearing a red coat is my aunt.

I like to read books written by LuXun.

She asked Grandma to put a bookmark in each of the borrowed books.

Then we can see many dinosaurs discovered by you in the museums.

3、作状语

A lot of land has gone with the trees, leaving only sand.(结果)

They wake up their parents , calling “Merry Christmas”(伴随)

Given more time, I can finish the work myself.(条件)

4、作宾补

I hear a girl singing in the next room.

I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.

We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.

中考英语非谓语动词过关必知：

●I like diving very much.

我十分喜欢跳水这项运动。

动名词diving作宾语，用来表达跳水运动这一概念，不含有本人是否会跳水这一含义。

I don’t like their arguing about it with such people.

我反感他们为了那件事与那样一些人大吵大闹。

动名词短语their arguing…作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。

2)remember， forget

●You must remember to get in touch with the local guide when you get there.

你们一定要记住到那以后与当地导游取得联系。

不定式短语to get in touch with…作宾语，用来表示未来即将发生的动作。

●I remember telling them about it once.

我记得曾经跟他们说过这件事。

动名词短语telling them…作宾语，用来表达过去发生过的事情。

●I’ll never forget having worked there with farmers for nearly a month.

我永远也忘不了与农民在那里工作了近一个月的日日夜夜。

动名词短语having worked there…作宾语，用来强调过去发生过并延续一段时间的事情。

注意：在表示过去发生过的动作时，不可以使用不定式的完成式。

3)regret

●I regret to tell you that I won’t be able to attend your wedding ceremony.

很抱歉，我不能参加你的结婚庆典了。

不定式短语to tell…作宾语，用来表示I’m sorry to say不得不去做这一含义。

●I regret to have told her that I won’t be able to attend her wedding ceremony.

我已经怀着深切的歉意告诉她我将参加不了她的结婚庆典了。

不定式短语完成式to have told…作宾语，用来表示不得不做某事这一含义。

●I now regret leaving school so young.

我现在很后悔当初那么小就离开了学校。

动名词短语leaving…作宾语，用来表达对过去做过的事情十分后悔。

总之，使用动词不定式还是动名词担当宾语的关键问题，就是一定要将与它共同使用的谓语动词的基本用法弄清记牢，切记不要凭含含糊糊的语感，更不可以不分句子成分地用不定式表达将来、动名词表达过去这种错误概念来分析解决问题。

学习非谓语动词(动词不定式和动名词)的使用，必须遵循以下四项基本原则：

①非谓语动词与谓语动词自身的基本用法紧密相关。

②在牢记动词基本结构的前提下，准确使用非谓语动词的不同时态。

③真正理解非谓语动词与从句谓语动词的内在联系。

④明确不定式与动名词在担当某些动词宾语时的含义区别。

只有在以上四项基本思路原则的指导下，才能真正形成分析问题解决问题的能力，正确使用不定式和动名词。

英语非谓语动词用法：

对非谓语动词的考点是:感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作宾语补足语的用法;一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to,但变为被动语态时就要带to;有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同。这些都是历年中考的重点。

(1)非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。

(2)不定式作宾语补足语

Father will not allow us to play on the street.

(3)不定式作目的状语

He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.

(4)用不定式和分词作补足语都可以的动词

这样的动词有感官动词如:see, hear, look, notice, observe, feel等,使役动词如:have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示动作的完整性,真实性;+doing 表示动作的连续性,进行性。

I saw him work in the garden yesterday.

昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)

I saw him working in the garden yesterday.(强调"我见他正干活"这个动作)

昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

(5)用不带to不定式的情况

使役动词如: let, have, make等和感官动词如: see, watch, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补,省略to。在被动语态中则to不能省掉。

(6)接动名词与不定式意义不同

1) stop to do 停止,中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事。

2) forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)

forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)

3) remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)

remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)

4) try to do 努力,企图做某事。

try doing 试验,试着做某事。

5) go on to do 做了一件事后,接着做另一件事。

go on doing 继续做原来做的事。

6) mean to do 打算、想

mean doing 意味着

英语语法非谓语动词总结：

1.不定式1)形式

主动形式被动形式一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing

a)完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比较: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.

b)进行式: 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式.You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.

c)完成进行式: 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.

d)被动式: 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.

2)功用: 不定式可以作主语 (a), 宾语 (b), 表语 (c), 定语 (d) 或是状语 (e).a. To scold her would not be just.b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d. Do you have anything to declare?e. We have come to learn from you.

3)不带to 的不定式:

a)在“动词+ 宾语+不定式”结构中, 如果动词是表示感觉意义的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意义的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式结构不带to.John made her tell him everything.

这类结构转换为被动语态时, 后面的不带to 的不定式一般还原为带to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.

b)在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might (just) as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 动词不定式也不带to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.

c)在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不带to的动词不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.

d)在动词help(或help +宾语)之后可用不带to的不定式, 也可用带to的不定式.Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?

e)在介词except, but 之后, 如果其前有动词do的某种形式, 不定式一般不带to, 反之带to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.

f)连词 rather than, sooner than 置于句首时, 其后的不定式不带to.Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.

出现在句中其他位置时, 其后的不定式有时带to, 有时不带to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.

g)用作补语的动词不定式, 如果主语是由“all + 关系分句”，“thing +关系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式结构”等构成，并带有do的某种形式，这时，作为主语补语的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the formThe only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.

4)不定式的其他用法

a)too…to 结构通常表示否定意义:She was too young to understand all that.

enough…to结构则表示肯定意义:She was not old enough to understand all that.

not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式连用时,不定式一般不表示否定意义:He’s only too pleased to help her.

so…as (to)这种结构也可用不定式作状语:Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.

b)如果要说明不定是表示的动作是谁做的, 可以在不定式前加一个for引起的短语:It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.

在以某些形容词(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表语时, 不定式前可加一个of引起的短语, 来说明不定式指的是谁的情况:It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is) Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.

2.V+ing形式(现在分词及动名词)1)形式a)完成式: 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生, 通常用动名词的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.

在某些动词后(或成语中), 常用(或可以用)动名词的一般形式, 尽管动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.

现在分词的完成式主要用在状语中, 表示这动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.

另外, 独立结构也可用现在分词的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.

b)被动式: 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的对象时, 动名词一般要用被动形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.

但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等动词后, 尽管表示的是被动的意思, 却用动名词的主动形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.

在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样.Her method is worth trying.

现在分词的被动式可以用来作定语, 宾语补足语, 状语及用于独立结构中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.

c)完成被动式: 如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生, 有时需要用动名词的完成被动式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.

但在多数情况下都避免使用这一形式, 而用一般被动形式代替, 以免句子显得累赘.

现在分词的完成被动式一般用来作状语或用于独立结构中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.

2)句法功用a)作主语:Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.

b)作宾语:Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.

c)作介词宾语: 动名词作介词宾语用的时候最多. 它常可以用在某些成语后面, 常见的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect…of, accuse…of, charge…with, hear of, approve of, prevent…from, keep…from, stop…from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get (be) used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.

d)作表语:The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.

动名词和不定式都可以作主语或表语. 一般说来, 在表示抽象的一般的行为时多用动名词; 在表示具体某词动作, 特别是将来的动作时, 多用不定式.

e)作宾语补足语: 分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等动词后作宾语补足语.The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.

在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等动词后, 及可用现在分词, 也可用不定式构成宾语补足语. 用现在分词时, 表示动作正在发生, 用不定式时表示动作发生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door?Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.

f)作状语: 现在分词作状语时, 通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作, 来对谓语表示的主要动作加以修饰或作为陪衬.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.

现在分词短语有时可以用作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.

现在分词短语有时可用作时间状语, 相当于when引起的从句:Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.

如果两个动作是完全同时发生的, 多用when 或while加分词这种结构.Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.

3)前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构: 一个动名词前面可以加一个物主代词(或名词的所有格结构), 来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind my reading your paper?They insisted on my staying there for supper.

如果不是在句子开头, 这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词宾格), 这比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.

4)只能用动名词作宾语的动词: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

5)既可用动名词, 也可用不定式作宾语的动词: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.

有时两种结构之间意义差别不大, 有时却有不同的意思. 在remember, regret, want, try等词后差别是比较明显的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.

I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.

She doesn’t want (need) to come.The house wants (needs) cleaning.

We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.

6)悬垂修饰: 分词作状语时, 表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态.Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers. (walking是we的动作, 正确)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful. (错误)

Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确)Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误)