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雅思写作评分标准,标点符号的运用

  雅思写作评分标准的语法(GRA)部分,从3分到7分,官方都有提出考生失分的原因有不同程度标点符号使用的错误。那么,正确使用英文标点符号也是可以帮助各位避免在语法方面失分的一个重要途径。接下来,我们要了解的是雅思写作中标点符号的高频用途。
  6分考生,要掌握以下几种标点符号的正确使用方法:
  1.句点(FullStop/Period,“.”)
  (1)用于一句话完全结束;。
  (2)用于英文单词缩写,如:e.g.,etc.,Mr.等.
  2.逗点(Comma,“,”)
  (1)用于并列短语和并列句问,如:To bereal lygood inareassuchasmusic, artorsport,then some natural talentisrequired.(《剑7》P163)
  (2)用于隔开较长的修饰成分,如:They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor inacademic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms ofcoping with the challenges of student life.(《剑5》 P165)
  3.缩写及所有格符号(Apostrophe,“'”)
(1)缩写,如:don't,won't,shouldn't等.一般在非正式的书信类文体中使用,在雅思学术写作中,应该尽可能避免。
  (2)所有格,如:achild's education.
  4.大小写
  是的,大小写也归标点符号管。一个句子开头的第一个单词首字母要大写,虽然很简单,但是在习作中,不少同学却很容易犯这种错误,在《剑桥雅思全真试题解析4》中,考官曾给出这样的评语:“There area fewerrors in grammar,and thefirstsentencelacks capital letters,which isa rather basic mistake.”这种低级错误,连考官都看不下去了。各位一定要避免呀!如:
  First. Yong people should be encouraged to go to work or travel for a year before going to university.
  正确的标点符号运用应该是:
  First, young people should be encouraged to go to work or travel for a yearbefore goi ngto university.
  7分以上分数的考生,不仅仅要准确掌握以上三种标点符号的使用方法,还要看重了解以下月种标点符号在雅思写作中的运用。
  1.冒号(Colon,“:”)
  在雅思写作中,冒号主要用于对后面内容的介绍或解释,如:The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costsin three separ ate years:1981,1990and 2001.(《剑8》 P164)
  As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopular with everyone who need stotravelon the roads.(《剑8》 P167)
  由于上句是原因状语从句,而冒号有表解释的功能,所以,本句进行调整后,可采用冒号,如:。
  This policy would be very unpopular with every one who need stotravel ontheroads:it would also affect the cost of public transport.
  学以致用,这是高手必备的素质。亲。看你的啦。
  2.分号(Semicolon,“;”)
  在雅思写作中,分号主要用于分隔地位平等的两个句子。使用分号分隔两个句子更能体现句子间的紧密联系。所谓的“紧密联系”,即句问一定存在看某种逻辑关系,如:因果、转折等。因此,分号也常与一些连接副词(thus ,however,therefore)搭配使用,如:This policy would also affect the cost of public transport; it would be veryunpopu larwitheveryonewhoneedstotravelontheroads.(《剑8》 P167)
  3.括号(Parentheses,小括号“()”)
  在雅思写作中,括号用来表示附加的解释成分。括号会削弱强调作用,若要强调该部分,需要使用破折号。如:。在雅思写作中,我们可以用双引号直接引用题目中无法改写或需要强调的部分的单词,虽然这有点“耍流氓”的感觉,但是“耍流氓”也要让人觉得我们很学术,如:在雅思写作中,括号用来表示附加的解释成分。括号会削弱强调作用,若要强调该部分,需要使用破折号。如:
  Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual' s personality and development are more influenced by genetic factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).
  《剑5》 P169)In contrast, Oceania had 13.ofdegraded farmland andthiswas mainly due to over-grazing (11.3%).(《剑8》 P162)在图标作文中,小括号是引出数据的重要途径之一,一定要掌握如何运用小括号引出数据。
  4.引号(QuotationMarks,双引号“""”;单引号“‘’”
  引号分为单引号(single quotation marks )和双引号(double quotationmarks),单引号可用于直接引语中含有另一个直接引语上,也可用于直接引语上。在雅思写作中,主要有如下两种用法:
  (1)表示直接引语。
  When a country develops its technology, the traditional skill sand ways of lifedie out. It is pointless to try and keep them al ive. To what extent do you agree ordisagree with this opinion?(剑桥3考官范文)。
  Overall,I disagree with the opinion expressed.I would like to begin by pointing out that traditional skills and ways of life' are not automatically of one country,but of aculture of community。注意:标点符号需置于括号之内。
  (2)标明短篇出版物的标题,如:"The Globalisation"
  5.连字符(Hyphen,“-”)。
  (1)用于某些前缀后和构成复合词,如:self-control, brand-new等。
  (2)当某复合词中出现重复的字母或过多的元音,使阅读困难时,可用连字号把前缀和词根分开。如二non-nuclear。re-use等。
  (3)构成某些复合数字,如:during theyears1980-2000.这在雅思图标作文中,鼓励使用。
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