雅思阅读 NO 和 NOT GIVEN

  雅思阅读 NO 和 NOT GIVEN怎么选?在判断题中,考生觉得难的部分就是没有办法确定什么时候选择NUT GIVEN。下面列出NOT GIVEN的8种情况:
  一、题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及
  原文:In the last 20 years,scientists have detected an increasing variety of toxic contaminants, including pesticides from agriculture, chemicals and heavy metals from industry, and even radioactive fall-out from Chernobyl.
  题目:Industry in the :arctic has increased over the last 20 years.
  解析:题目中指出北极地区工业在增加,而原文没有提到北极。
  二、雅思阅读中题目中A, B是比较关系,原文中提到A, B,但是没有作比较
  原文:Primary insomnia is a chronic condition with little apparent association with stress or a medical problem. Secondary insomnia is caused by symptoms that accompany a medical condition such as anxiety, depression or pain.
  题目:Secondary insomnia is far more common than primary insomnia.
  解析:题目中说Secondary insomnia比Primary insomnia更加常见,原文中提到了Primary insomnia和Secondary insomnia,但是没有作出比较。
  三、一个时间点之后发生的事情,无法推断这个时间点之前发生的事情
  原文:In 1962,the Fisheries Department,who are responsible for monitoring fish levels in the River Thames, reported that the river is suitable habitat for 115 species of fish including sea bass,flounder, salmon, smelt, and shad.
  题目:The River Thames was not suitable for fishes' survival before 1962.
  解析:原文中说1962年River Thames适合鱼类生存,无法推断出题目的内容“1962年之前River Thames不适合鱼类生存”,即通过1962年发生的事情无法推断1962年之前发生的事情。
  四、雅思考试原文总数的多少,无法推断出题干部分的多少。如果原文说班级有50名同学,无法推断出班级有25名女生或者25名男生
  原文:In the US alone, 420,000 Americans die every year from tobacco-related illnesses.
  题目:About 200,000 old people die every year from tobacco-related illnesses in the us.
  解析:原文说美国每年有420 000人因烟草导致死亡,无法推断出题目中内容“每年有200 000个老年人因烟草致死”。
  五、原文中常含有许诺(promise)、发誓(swear, vow)、决心(decide)、目标(aim,purpose)、声称(claim)等限定词,题目中去掉以上限定词
  原文The new government promised the citizens that tax burden would be alleviated.
  题目:The new government lowered the taxes.
  解析:原文说政府向市民许诺将会减轻税收,题目去掉了“许诺”这个限定词。(政府只是许诺,我们并不知道政府有没有真正地减少税收,所以选择NOT GIVEN)
  六、题干内容的范围小于原文信息所涉及的范围
  原文Pollutants in the Thames mainly come from factories in the UK.
  题目:London factories result in the pollution in the 1 hames.
  解析:原文说英国的工厂导致了泰晤士河的污染,而题目说伦敦的工厂导致泰晤士河的污染。题目缩小了原文的范围,所以选择NOT GIVEN。
  七、原文及题目只提及单件事物状态的only
  原文:The invention of printers affects greatly the speed of information dissemination.
  题目:The invention of printers only affects the speed of information dissemination.
  解析:题目说复印机的发明只影响信息传播速度,原文说复印机的发明影响了信息传播速度,也就是说除了影响信息传播,还有可能影响其他方面,因此从原文信息无法推断出题干内容。
  八、原文讲假设(as siunption)、推测(prediction, time will tell, future will prove),可能(probability)等情况,题干去掉以上限定词,转为一贯的事实,选择NOT GIVEN
  原文:There are several common assumptions about the causes of bullying for which there is no supporting evidence. They include claims that bullying is a consequence of large class or school sizes, or of the competition for grades and pressures from peers.
  题目:Competition for grades and peer pressures should be responsible for school bullying.
  解析:原文中含有assumptions,也就是校园暴力的原因都是推测,而不是事实,而题干说的是事实,因此选择NOT GIVEN,总结:当题干中的内容在原文没有被提及,或者从原文的信息无法推断出题干内容时,选择NOT GIVEN.
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