英语瞬间动词的用法-勤学培训网

英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。下面小编告诉你英语瞬间动词的用法，大家一起来看看吧!

英语瞬间动词的用法：

一、持续性动词:表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。

二、瞬间性动词:表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。

三、用法

:1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时，表示动作到现在为止已结束，例如：He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。) Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家，她去图书馆了。)

2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，而瞬间性动词则不能。例如：His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)

My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)

3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：

(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换，例如：He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left 初中课本中的常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下：1、go——be away 2、come——be here 3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here) 5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep 7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on 9、finish——be over 10、open——be open 11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated 17、join——be in(…)或be a…member18、become——be

(2)用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)The film has been on for five minutes. It’s five minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法) How long is it since be found his sister?

4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)

英语语法中的延续动词与瞬间动词：

1. 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

He has completed the work.

他已完成了那项工作。

I've known him since then.

我从那时起就认识他了。

2. 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"

He didn't come back until ten o'clock.

他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock.

他一直睡到10点。

看看例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

答案选B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will be

答案选A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

瞬间动词和延续性动词转换：

常见的终止性动词与延续性动词的转换有come→be here， begin/start→be on，borrow→keep， buy→have，die→be dead， end/finish→be over，get up→be up，go(get)out→be out， fall asleep→be asleep, leave→be away from, join→be in/be a member of，put on→wear，catch a cold→have a cold等。

(1) be a + 成员;职业

(2) be in+ 集团;组织;单位延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear;catch a cold →have a cold等。

瞬间动词的进行式用法：

一、表示反复或重复

英语中有少数瞬间动词可以用于现在进行时表示不断重复的动作，这类动词主要有jump, knock, kick, hit, nod, tap, wink, cough, shoot, drop等。如：

Someone is knocking. 有人敲门。

John is nodding his head. 约翰频频点头。

He is jumping up and down. 他上下地跳着。

Why is she blinking her eyes? 她为什么老眨眼睛?

如果主语为复数，某些动词的现在进行时往往有“不断”或“一个接一个”的含义，如：

People are dying in that part of the world. 在那个地方人们不断地死去。

Men are dropping with malaria, dysentery and simple starvation. 士兵们由于疟疾、痢疾或仅仅因为饥饿一个接一个地倒了下去。

二、表示即将发生

注意有些瞬间动词的现在进行时并不表示动作的重复，而是表示动作即将发生。如：