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英语中谓语动词的用法

非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。下面小编告诉你英语中谓语动词的用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中谓语动词的用法:
通常情况下,大家都会以为“A and B”这样的句型里,谓语动词以复数形式呈现,例子也是信手拈来:
Her behaviour and her principles do not accord well together.
她的行为与她的原则不很一致。
但事实并非如此。需要注意的是,本文已经排除了大部分有规律可循的“特殊情况”,即:一些可以影响谓语动词单复数的固定词组,如:or,either ...or,as well as,in addition to等,前两个做连接词时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语部分相一致,而后两个则正好相反,与远离它的主语部分相一致,
各举一例如下:
Neither you nor he is going to take the exam.
The father, as well as his sons, is going to sign up for the contest.
这样的词组还有很多,需要大家在平时的学习中积累,在此不做赘述。
接下来我们主要来看一下几种“A and B”句型中谓语动词为单数的特殊情况。
1. 如果作主语的并列结构中的名词指同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念,谓语动词用单数。
如何辨别这两个并列结构是否表达同一个概念呢?关键在于限定词。通常两个名词并列共用同一个限定词时,这两个名词是指同一个事物或概念;如果两个名词分别用限定词来修饰,则指不同的事物或概念。例如:
The manager and secretary was present at the meeting. 经理兼秘书出席了会议。
The manager and the secretary were present at the meeting. 经理和秘书出席了会议。
现在,如果让你们翻译“习近平,现任中国共产党中央委员会总书记,中共中央军事委员会主席,中华人民共和国主席,中华人民共和国中央军事委员会主席”,你们还敢乱用the吗?
英语中谓语动词的用法
2. 当and连接两个单数名词作主语,且两个名词前分别有each,every,no,many a等限定词修饰,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Every boy and every girl in this class studies very hard.
这个班上的每个男生和女生学习都很用功。
3. 表示加减乘除时,谓语动词用单数。例如:
Two added to three equals (makes, gives, is) five.
二加三得五。
动词finish的用法:
1. 表示“完成”,其后接动词作宾语时,要用动名词,不能用不定式。如:
He’s finished mending the car. 他修好了汽车。
I finished reading the book last night. 这本书我是昨晚看完的。
Have you finished cleaning the kitchen? 你厨房打扫完了吗?
当 finish 之后的动名词带有宾语时,有时可省去动名词(如果意义清楚的话)。如:
He has finished (doing) his work. 他把工作做完了。
2. 用作不及物动词,表示“结束”或“完成”。如:
He didn’t finish in time. 他没有及时完成。
The meeting will finish at 3 o’clock. 会议3点结束。
The party finished with a song. 晚会最后唱了首歌结束了。
3. 用过去分词作表语,表示“做完了”“结束了”“不再有联系了”。如:
At last she was finished too. 最后她也做完了。
I won’t be finished for another hour. 我还有一个小时才能完事。
有时还可表示“垮台了”“失败了”“完蛋了”等。如:
The scandal means he’s finished in politics. 这一丑闻意味着他在政治上已身败名裂。
4. 注意以下两个短语:
(1) finish up 吃光,用完;完成,结束
We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
It was midnight, and she still had not finished up. 都半夜了,可她还没干完。
(2) finish with 以……作为结束;用完,完成;与……断绝关系
What shall we have to finish the meal with? 这顿饭最后一道菜吃什么?
Have you finished with the newspaper? 报纸你不会看了吧?
Jane has finished with her new boyfriend. 简已经和她的新男友不再来往了。
动词fill的用法:
1. 表示“装满”“填满”,可用作及物和不及物动词,通常与介词 with 连用。如:
The hole filled with water. 坑里全是水。
He filled the glass with water. 他把杯子装满了水。
比较下面各句:
People filled the room. 人们把房间挤得汇成商学院的。
The room filled with people. 房间里挤满了人。
The room was filled with people. 房间里挤满了人。
He filled the room with his friends. 房间里挤满了他请来的朋友。
2. 有时可带双宾语,双宾语交换位置时用介词 for。如:
去给我倒一杯啤酒来。
正:Go and fill me a glass of beer.
正:Go and fill a glass of beer for me.
3. 表示填洞等,其后可接 in 或 up, 也可不用。如:
He filled (in, up) the hole with small stones. 他用小石块把洞填满了。
4. 表示“填表”,其后可接 in, out, up 等。如:
He told me to fill in [out, up] the form. 他叫我填那张表。
动词become的用法:
1. 用作连系动词,其后可接名词、形容词、过去分词等作表语:
He became a teacher at (the age of) 17. 他17岁就当了老师。
The weather became warmer. 天气变得暖和起来。
Soon the roombecame crowded. 不一会儿房里就挤满了人。
注意:其后接过去分词时,可表示被动或结果;但表示被动时,其后一般不接 by短语。比如不说:
Soon the room became crowded bystudents.
2. become 是终止性动词,因此要表示“成为…有多长时间”,英语不能将become与表示一段时间的词或短语连用:
他成为老师有十年了。
正:He became a teacher ten years ago.
正:It’s ten years since he became a teacher.
正:He has been a teacher for ten years.
误:He has become a teacher for ten years.
3. become 之后一般不接不定式表示“逐渐…” (此时可用 come / begin+不定式):
正:He began [came] to like English. 他开始喜欢英语起来。
误:He became to like English.
正:He became ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。
误:He became to be ill yesterday.
4. 用于习语 become of, 表示“发生”、“遭遇”等 (常与 what连用):
What has become of the girl? 这个女孩后来怎样了?
I don’t know what will become of me if I fail this time. 要是我这次不成功,我不知我会怎么样。
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