不定式(短语)在句中起相当于名词、形容词或副词的作用,可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补语。下面是英语动词不定式用法总结，大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词不定式用法总结：
1.用作主语。例如:
(1)To make you understand him completely is impossible.让你们完全了解他是不可能的。
(2)To run machines needs power.开动机器需要动力。
(3)To remember to switch off the electricity is important.重要的是要记住关掉电源。
To live is to function.That is all there is in living.(Holmes)活着就要发挥作用,这就是生活的全部真谛。
To live of money is the root of all evil.(R.L.Stevenson)迷恋金钱是一切罪恶的根源。
To be ignorant of one's ignorance is the malady of the ignorant.(A.B.Alcott)不知道自己的无知,是无知者的可悲之处。
To spread knowledge is to spread happiness.(Alfred Nobel)传播知识就是播种幸福。
不定式、特别是不定式短语作主语时,为了保持句子平衡,往往把主语放在句子末尾,而在它原来的位置上加上引导词it作形式上的主语。现代英语倾向于采用这种结构,尤其是当主语较长或谓语动词是被动语态或谓语动词不是系动词时,更是如此。而当句子是疑问句或感叹句时,也必须用这种结构。例如,上述(1)(2)(3)三个例子可转换为:
(1)It is impossible to make you understand him completely.
(2)It needs power to run machines.
(3)It's important to remember to switch off the electricity.
又如:
It's silly to build a wall around your interests.(Walt Disney)在自己兴趣的周围建起一座墙,是愚蠢的行为。
It is the duty of a scientist to remain curiosity.(A.Einstein)科学家的责任是保持好奇心。
It was an easy matter to ?nd the Count when we entered the opera house.我们走进歌剧场,很容易找到了伯爵。
It's good to have you back safe and sound.你们平平安安回家就好。
It was my privilege to see her out of hers.(W.Faulkner)能参加她的葬礼是我的荣幸。
It was a good thing to work there in the little field beneath the singing larks.(Liam O'Flaherty)在地里干活,倾听着头顶上云雀歌唱,真是乐在其中。
How long will it take you to get there?(疑问句)要花多长时间才能到达那里?
What a joy it was to see her!(感叹句)见到她多么高兴!
在以it为形式主语的句子中,它所代表的真正主语有时用不定式复合结构。不定式的逻辑主语用for或of引出。
如果句子中作表语的形容词表示事物的性质,如important,necessary,possible,easy,dif?cult,hard,heavy等,用for引出。例如:
It is impossible for us to get there before lunch.我们午餐前赶到那里是不可能的。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.你必须向别人学习。
It is dif?cult for me to believe that you could so forget yourself and your rearing.我难以相信你会这样忘记你自己和你的教养。
如果句中作表语的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿,如kind,honest,careless,lazy,stupid,clever,foolish,silly,sel?sh,polite,bad,generous,cruel,willing,reluctant,deliberate等,则用of引出。例如:
(4)It's very nice of you to be considerate.你真好,想得这么周到。
(5)It's careless of her to notice nothing of it.她很粗心,连这一点也没注意到。
(6)It is foolish of him to meet her again.他很愚蠢,又跟她相会。
【注】"It is+形容词+of sb.to do"句型一般可转换成一个不定式作状语的句子,语义不变;而"It is+形容词+for sb.to do"句型则不可以。例如,上述三个句子可转换为:
(4)You are very nice to be considerate.
(5)She is careless to notice nothing of it.
(6)He is foolish to meet her again.
2.用作表语。例如:
Her wish was to become a teacher.她的愿望是当个教师。
The most dif?cult thing in life is to know yourself.(Thales)人生最难是自知。
To know everything is to know nothing.样样都懂,样样稀松。
There are two tragedies in life.One is not to get your heart's desire.The other is to get it.(G.B.Shaw)人生有两种悲剧:一种是得不到你想要的东西,另一种是得到了你想要的东西。
To enlarge or illustrate this power and effect of love is to set a candle in the sun.(Robert Burton)用笔墨叙述爱情的这种力量和影响,无异于在阳光下点燃一支蜡烛。
What we want is to learn from practice.我们需要的是向实践学习。
带wh-疑问词的不定式短语可作表语。例如:
Our dif?culty is where to ?nd a guide.我们的困难是到哪里去找向导。
用介词for引出不定式的逻辑主语的不定式复合结构,可作表语;这时,句中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:
This form is for you to ?ll(in).这张表格由你来填写。
A lecture on high-energy physics will be for Professor Bryce to deliver.高能物理演讲将由布赖斯教授来做。
在用不定式作表语的句子中,系动词除be外,还有seem,happen,appear,get,pretend等。例如:
He seems(appears)to be living in the area.他似乎是住在这个地区。
He appears to have caught cold.他似乎是伤风了。
She pretended not to see him.她装作没看见他。
句中如果主语部分有实义动词do的各种形式,作表语的不定式实际上是do的引申,即表示do所做的内容,这时不定式可省略to。例如:
The least I can do is(to)write to you.我至少能做到的是给你写信。
What the plan does is(to)ensure a fair pension for all.实施这项计划就是保证给所有的人一笔可观的救济金。
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.我现在能做的事就是自己继续进行下去。
3.用作宾语。不定式用作宾语时相当于名词,放在某些及物动词之后。这类及物动词常见的有:afford,agree,aim,appear,apply,arrange,ask,attempt等。例如:
The owner wanted to make a large purchase of gift before
Christmas.老板想在圣诞节前做一大笔礼品生意。
I try to keep that in mind.我努力记住这一点。
He had decided to return after receiving the ?rst letter from
Tess.收到苔丝的第一封信后,他便决定起程回来。
用作宾语的动词不定式有时可以带上疑问词how,where,who,when,which,why,what等一起构成不定式短语。能用于这种结构的动词,常见的有:ask,consider,decide,discuss,explain,?nd
out,forget,inquire,know,learn,remember等。例如:
She forgot which way to take.她忘了该走哪条路。
He didn't know whether to laugh or to cry when he heard the words.听了这话,他啼笑皆非。
When I start to paint I know how to place myself in a state of inwardness.(P.Picasso)我开始作画时,我知道如何把自己置于一种灵性的境界之中。
用作宾语的不定式后面如果有补语,可以用it作形式宾语,把真正宾语置于补语之后,以免宾语太长使句子显得不协调。在这种用法中,常见的动词有think,feel,make,?nd,consider,count,deem,judge,believe,take等。例如:
It is impossible for us to get there before lunch.我们午餐前赶到那里是不可能的。
It is necessary for you to learn from others.你必须向别人学习。
It is dif?cult for me to believe that you could so forget yourself and your rearing.我难以相信你会这样忘记你自己和你的教养。
如果句中作表语的形容词表示人的特征、品德或意愿,如kind,honest,careless,lazy,stupid,clever,foolish,silly,sel?sh,polite,bad,generous,cruel,willing,reluctant,deliberate等,则用of引出。例如:
(4)It's very nice of you to be considerate.你真好,想得这么周到。
(5)It's careless of her to notice nothing of it.她很粗心,连这一点也没注意到。
(6)It is foolish of him to meet her again.他很愚蠢,又跟她相会。
【注】"It is+形容词+of sb.to do"句型一般可转换成一个不定式作状语的句子,语义不变;而"It is+形容词+for sb.to do"句型则不可以。例如,上述三个句子可转换为:
(4)You are very nice to be considerate.
(5)She is careless to notice nothing of it.
(6)He is foolish to meet her again.
动词beg的用法：
1. 口语中说的I beg your pardon可以有多种用法：
(1) 用于道歉，比用I’m sorry更正式。如：
I beg your pardon. I suppose I should have knocked. 对不起，我想我本来应该敲门的。
(2) 用于没听清或没听懂对方的话，请对方再说一遍(可只说Pardon，说时用升调)。如：
I beg your pardon—I didn’t hear what you said. 请再说一遍——我没听见你刚才说的话。
(3) 用于表示生气或气愤。如：
Pardon me, but this is my coat. 对不起，这是我的外套。
I beg your pardon but the woman you’re insulting happens to be my wife. 请你尊重些，你侮辱的这个女人正是我的妻子。
(4) 用于引起别人的注意。如：
I beg your pardon; can you tell me the way to the station? 对不起，你能告诉我去车站怎么走吗?
(5) 用于对别人的冒犯或无礼表示威胁。如：
A：You cunt! 你这笨蛋!
B：I beg your pardon. 你再说一遍。
2. 用于go begging，在现代英语中主要表示“(东西等)没有人要”“(职位等)有空缺”。如：
If that sandwich is going begging, I’ll have it. 这份三明治没人要，我就要了。
Those jobs went begging. 那些职位没有人肯干。
3. 有时可后接that从句，从句谓语通常用虚拟语气。如：
He begged that he (should) be allowed to leave. 他恳求让他离开。
4. 由它派生的名词beggar意为“乞丐”，注意不要误拼成begger。如：
I would have preferred a bed, but beggars can’t be choosers so I slept on the sofa. 我本想要张床，但是叫花子不能挑肥拣瘦，所以我就睡在沙发上了。
动词mention的用法：
注意一：mention 是及物动词，后接宾语时无需用任何介词。如：
不要在孩子们面前提及此事。
误：Don’t mention about it before the children.
正：Don’t mention it before the children.
注意二：mention 后习惯上不接双宾语。如：
他从未向我提及他有个女朋友。
误：He never mentioned me his girl friend.
正：He never mentioned his girl friend to me.
正：He never mentioned to me that he had a girl friend.
注意三：mention 后接动词作宾语，该动词要用动名词，不用不定式。如：
我妻子提起她几天前看见了你。
正：My wife mentioned to see you the other day.
正：My wife mentioned seeing you the other day.
注意四：口语中说 Don’t mention it. 主要用来回答感谢，有时也用来回答道歉。如：
A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。
B：Don’t mention it. 不客气。
A：I’m sorry to have troubled you. 对不起打扰你了。
B：Don’t mention it. 没关系。
注意五：用于 not to mention, 意为“更不用说”“还不算”“除……之外”。如：
There’re ten of us ready to help, not to mention the children. 我们有10个人愿意帮忙，还不算小孩。
He has two big houses in this country, not to mention his villa in France. 除了在法国的别墅外，他在这个国家还拥有两栋大房子。
动词lead的用法：
用作动词，主要表示“带领”“引导”“领导”“导致”等，使用时注意以下句型和结构：
1. 表示把某人带到或领到某地，通常用“lead+sb+介词短词或副词”结构。如：
He led the guests into his room. 他把客人带到了自己的房间。
A local peasant led the soldiers through the forest. 一位当地的农民领着士兵们穿过森林。
2. 表示使(导致)某人做某事(有时含有误导之意)，通常用 lead sb to (do) sth。如：
What led you to this conclusion? 你是怎么得出这个结论的?
He led me to believe that he had a lot of influence. 他让我相信他很有影响力。
Her constant lying led me to distrust everything she said. 他经常撒谎，我完全不相信她的话了。
有时 lead to 表示“导致(某种结果)”。如：
Smoking cigarettes leads to lung disease. 抽烟会导致肺部疾病。
3. 表示领导或带领某人做某事，通常用 lead sb in (doing) sth。如：
He’ll lead the party of scientists (in) going to Paris. 他将带领这些科学家去巴黎。
Our Party leads us in building socialism.=Our Party leads us in the building of socialism. 党领导我们建设社会主义。
4. 表示过着某种生活，一般用 lead a…life。如：
She led a rather hard life. 她当时过着相当艰苦的生活。
He decided to lead a new life. 他决定要过新生活。
5. 表示通向某地，一般用 lead to，可用于本义和引申义。如：
All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。
This road leads to wealth. 这是一条致富路。
比较：This door leads into the garden. 此门通往花园。
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