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英语中情态动词的用法及例子

情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,下面是英语中情态动词的用法及例子,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中情态动词的用法及例子:
1. 形式: 情态动词 + 动词原形do;
情态动词 + 动词完成进行时have been doing;
情态动词 + 动词完成时have done
英语中情态动词的用法及例子
2. 特点:
1) 不管哪一种形式,情态动词的词义都在句中起作用。
2) 情态动词的过去时、现在时没有太大的时间性区别,只是情态动词的过去时用得相对较多,语气比现在时更客气、委婉、缓和。
例:I was wondering if you would like to have dinner with me tonight.(我想请问您今晚是否愿意与我共进晚餐。这样的表达方法要比"I want to know if you will have dinner with me tonight."这样的句子礼貌、委婉得多,更容易让对方接受。)
3) 都表示在一定时间(现在或过去)对发生和出现的事情进行推测、猜测、判断等。
a) 对现在的事情进行把握较大的判断时
肯定判断一般用must加动词原形,此时,must不再表示“必须”,而是表示“肯定”。
否定判断时一般用can't加动词原形,此时,can不再表示“能够”,而是表示“肯定不……、肯定没有……”。
例:He can't be in his own dorm. He must be in Xiao Wang's dorm. Listen! That's he's singing.(他现在肯定不在他自己的宿舍,他肯定在小王的宿舍呢。听,那是他(在小王的宿舍里)唱歌。)
b) 对过去的事情进行把握较大的判断时
肯定判断一般用must加动词的完成时形式(must have done),同样,must不再表示"必须",而是表示"肯定"。
例:1989年1月四级第41题
Mary's score on the test is the highest in her class; she ____ have studied very hard.
A) may   B) should   C) must   D) ought to
全句的意思是“玛丽考试成绩全班第一,她学习 很刻苦”。空格后的动词用的是完成式,表示已经发生的动作。结合选项可知,空格中要填入一个情态动词,表示说话人对玛丽考试能取得好成绩的原因的推测。因此答案是C) must(肯定、一定)。
否定判断时一般用can't加动词的完成时形式(can't have done),同样,can不再表示“能够”,而是表示“肯定不……、肯定没有……”。
例:1996年1月四级第23题
You _____ her in here office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
A) needn't have seen     B) must have seen
C) might have seen     D) can't have seen
我们可以推断出全句的意思是:“上星期五你不可能在她办公室见到她,她去外地已经两个星期了”。根据全句意思判断,本题答案是D) can't have seen。情态动词can用于这一意思时,只能用于否定句或疑问句。
例:1996年6月四级第31题
The room is in terrible mess; it _________ cleaned.
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
句子前半部分“房间乱极了”是前提,后半部分应该是对这种情况做出一种猜测性判断。答案是A,表示“不可能打扫国”是正确答案。选项C) mustn't have been的否定形式应为can't have been。选项B) shouldn't have been意为“不应该打扫过,而实际上已经打扫过了”,跟句意不符。
c) 对现在的事情进行把握较小的判断
肯定一般用may加动词原形,此时,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”。
否定判断时一般用may not加动词原形。
She may not be annoyed because she is very patient.(她可能不会烦躁,因为她很有耐心。)
d) 对现在的事情进行把握更小的判断
肯定判断一般用might加动词原形;
否定判断时一般用might not加动词原形。
She might not be annoyed because she usually is very patient.(她可能不会烦躁,因为她通常很有耐心。)
e) 对过去的事情进行把握较小的判断时一般用may加动词的完成时形式(may have done),同样,may不再表示“可以”,而是表示“可能”。对过去事情进行把握较小的否定判断时一般用加动词的完成时形式(may not have done)。
例:He may have gone back home, because he didn't say he would take part in her birthday party.(他可能已经回家了,因为他并没有说会参加她的生日聚会。)
f) 对过去的事情进行把握更小的判断
肯定判断一般用might加动词的完成时形式(might have done);
例:She was thankful that she'd had her baby in hospital; otherwise, she thought, the baby _____.
A) died   B) had died   C) might have died   D) might die
答案是C。
否定判断时一般用might not加动词的完成时形式(might not have done)。
g) 用needn't have done来表示“没有必要(做已经做了的事)”
例:1991年6月四级第53题
You ______ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have done      B) shouldn't have done
C) must not have done    D) cannot have done
后面一句是说:“这类计算我们由计算机来做”。按后面一句的意思来推测,前面是讲:“你已经做了全部计算,这是没有必要的”。Needn't 后面接动词完成式正是表示这种意思, 所以答案是A。
情态动词兼实义动词dare的用法:
1. 用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及条件从句中。如:
I daren’t ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。
He dare not express his feelings to her. 他不敢向她表爱意。
Dare you tell our teacher the truth? 你敢告诉老师事实真相吗?
How dare you say such a thing? 你怎么敢说这种事?
I won’t allow you to swim across the river, even if you dare do it. 即使你敢游过河我也不让你游。
习惯说法I dare say 用于肯定句,可译为“我想可能”、“我想”、“我认为”“大概, 可能, 或许”等。如:
I dare say it’s true. 我想那是真的。
I would imagine he’s forgotten. — I dare say. 我猜他已忘了。—可能吧。
I dare say he will come later. 我想他稍后会来的。
英语中情态动词的用法及例子
2. dare用作实意动词时,意为“敢”“敢于”,其后多接带 to 的不定式。如:
We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。
Only one man dared to dive into the current river. 只有一人敢跳入急流的河中。
He didn’t dare (to) speak to her. 他不敢对她说话。
The boy stood before the teacher, not daring to look up. 这个小男孩站在老师面前不敢抬头。
情态动词need的三大重要用法:
用法一:need 后接动词原形的用法
need用作情态动词,意思是“必要”、“必须”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句、疑问句以及if或whether之后。如:
You need not tell the entire truth, but you must not lie. 你不必说出全部真相,但你一定不许撒谎。
Need you go so soon? 你非得这么快就走吗?
So I needn’t tell her, need I? 所以我无须告诉她,是吗?
I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. 无须我说你也知道那工作的危险性。
—Need I come tomorrow? 我明天需要来吗?
—Yes, I must. 是的。需要。
They wonder whether need wait for her. 他们不知道是否要等她。
need有时用于含有only, all 等限制意义的肯定句中。如:
If you want anything, you need only ask. 你想要什么只要打个招呼就行。
All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你从机场乘出租汽车即可。
(2) need用作实意动词,意思是“需要”,和不定式连用。如:
We need to work harder. 我们必须更加努力工作。
These flowers need to be watered three times a week. 这些花一周需要浇三次水。
What do you need to take with you on business? 你出差需要带什么东西?
Does he need to know? 他需要知道这件事吗?
I don’t think you need to worry in the least. 我认为你一点儿也没必要着急。
They didn’t need to arrive so early. 他们没有必要来的那么早。
用法二:need 后接完成式的用法
need / needn’t+ 动词完成式,表示过去“需要 / 不需要做某事,但实际未做 / 做了”。如:
Need you have bought so much rice? 你当时有必要买那么多大米吗?
You needn't have told him the news; he knew it already. 你不必告诉他这个消息,他已经知道了。
He needn’t have come in person, a telephone would have been enough. 他本来没有必要亲自来,打个电话就可以了。
It is Sunday. You needn’t have woken me up so early. 今天是星期日,你没必要这么早就叫醒我。
—Need he have come so early? 他来那么早有必要吗?
— Yes, he had to. / No, he needn’t have.有必要,他必须来那么早。/ 不,他本来没有必要来那么早的。
用法三:need 后接进行的用法
need+ 动词进行式, 表示正在进行的动作。如:
We needn’t be standing here in the sun. 我们没有必要站在这里晒太阳。
情态动词ought to的用法归纳:
1. 表示义务或责任
表示义务或责任,意为“应该”:
You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。
Teachers ought to be honored. 教师应当受到尊敬。
Every citizen ought to obey law. 每个公民都应守法。
2. 表示建议或劝告
2. 表示建议或劝告,意为“应该”:
There ought to be more buses during the rush hour. 高峰期间应公共汽车该多发几辆。
You ought to see her new film. 你应该看看她新拍的电影。
We oughtn’t to take risks. 我们不宜于冒险。
3. 表示推断
3. 表示推断,意为“应该”、“可能”:
(1) ought to + 动词原形,表示对现在或将来情况的推测。如:
Prices ought to come down soon. 价格可能会很快下跌。
If he started at nine, he ought to be here by now. 要是他九点钟出发,现在该到了。
That ought to be enough food for all of us. 那些该够我们大家吃的了。
(2) ought to +进行式,表示对正在发生的情况的推测。如:
You oughtn’t to be talking so much. 你不该讲这么多话。
You ought not to be sitting here. It’s for old man only. 你不该坐在这儿,这是老人专座。
You ought to be wearing your shirt. 你该穿衬衫。
(3) ought to +完成式,表示对过去情况的推测;也可表示过去本该发生而实际上未发生的情况:
The table-tennis game ought to / should have finished by now. 乒乓球比赛现在应该已经结束了。
There are many books which I ought to have read, and still ought to read. 有许多书我过去就应该看的,现在还应该看。
I ought to have helped her,but I never could. 我本该帮助她的,却从未能这样做。
You ought to have come earlier. 你本该来得早一点儿。
She ought to have been a teacher. 她本该当教师。
4. ought to用于否定句和疑问句
在否定式中用ought not 或oughtn’t,在疑问中将ought提到主语之前。如:
They ought to go now, oughtn’t they? 他们现在该走了,是吗?
Ought we (to) be in Taipei by now? 他们现在大概已经到北京了吧?
—Ought I to go? 我该去吗?
—Yes, you ought (to). 对,你该去。
5. ought to与 should的用法区别
一般说来,二者可替换,只是ought to语气稍重些。如:
He ought to / should have arrived long ago. 他早就该到了。
You should / ought to have come yesterday. 你应该昨天来的。
(1) 表示因责任、义务等或表示出于法令规则、行为准则、道德责任等客观情况该做的事时,常用ought to; should则含有个人意见,强调主观看法。如:
You are his parents. You ought to take care of him. 你们是他的父母,应当管他。
They oughtn’t to let their dog run on the road. 他们不该把狗放出来满街跑。
Such things ought not to be allowed. 这类事不该允许。
(2) 在公告、须知或条例中,出于礼貌,常用should:
You should not run alongside the swimming-pool. 不准在游泳池边奔跑。
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