助动词与实义动词相反，指的是那些本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语的动词。下面小编告诉你小学英语助动词的用法规律，大家一起来看看吧!
小学英语助动词的用法规律：
助动词根据它的不同用途也可分为好几类，如用于构成进行时态、完成时态、将来时态等的时态助动词be, have, will, shall等;用于构成被动语态的语态助动词be;用于表示不同情态的情态动词。如：
He is looking for a job. 他在找一份工作。
I have almost finished the book. 这本书我几乎已经看完了。
Tomorrow will be the first day of autumn. 明天是秋天的第一天。
He was struck by a stone. 他被石头击中。
You can come some other time. 你可以在其他时间来。
第一句中的is为时态助动词，它与现在分词looking一起构成现在进行时;
第二句中的have也是时态助动词，它与过去分词finished一起构成现在完成时;
第三句中的will仍为时态助动词，它与动词原形be一起构成一般将来时;
第四句中的was为语态助动词，它与过去分词struck一起构成被动语态;
最后一句中的can为情态助动词，在此表示“能力”，意为“能……”。
助动词be的用法：
1. be +现在分词，构成进行时态。如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
We were planting trees this time yesterday. 我们昨天这个时候在植树。
2. be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。如：
The door was broken by Tom. 门是汤姆打破的。
English is taught in our school. 我校教英语。
3. be + 动词不定式，可表示：
A. 打算、决定、计划、安排等。如：
He is to visit Japan next week. 他决定下周访问日本。
I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in. 我本打算昨天告诉你的，但你不在家。
B. 指示、命令、禁止等，即“必须，一定”。如：
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们明天必须交练习。
You’re not to (=You mustn’t) smoke here. 你不可以在此处抽烟。
C. 责任、义务、需要，即“该不该”。如：
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你应该报警的。
Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我该不该继续干下去?
D. 可能性，与can, may相当，不定式多用被动式。如：
The book was not to (=could not) be found. 那本书可能找不到了。
E. 假设，用于虚拟条件句中。如：
If it were to rain, we would get wet. 要是下雨，我们就会淋湿。
F. 表示注定要发生或后来必然发生。如：
This experience was to change his life. 这次经历注定要改变他的生活。
注：不定式作表语与上述用法是不同的。如：
My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。
do用作助动词的三种用法：
一、用于构成疑问句、否定句或倒装句
1. 构成疑问句
Where do I pay? 我在哪儿付钱?
When do you start? 你何时动身?
How did you do it? 你是怎么做的?
How do you feel today? 你今天感觉如何?
Why do you keep on smiling? 你怎么老是笑?
How does the story end up? 这故事结局如何?
How does she stay so young? 她怎么能永葆青春呢?
When did you realise that the money was missing? 你什么时候发觉钱丢了?
2. 构成否定句
I don’t like football. 我不喜欢足球。
Please don’t annoy me. 请不要打搅我。
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough. 我到达车站不够早。
I don’t care how expensive it is. 我不在乎这件东西有多贵。
I didn’t meet either Jane or her husband. 简或是她的丈夫我都没遇见。
He washed the car. He didn’t polish it. 他冲洗了汽车。他没有擦拭它。
3. 构成倒装句
Never did he speak about his own merits. 他从不讲自己的功绩。
Very rarely did she receive letters from her brother. 她很少收到她兄弟的信。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他一到家，她就抱怨起来。
Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完。
Seldom has a devoted teacher been so splendidly rewarded. 一位忠诚的教师很少受到如此丰厚的报答。
二、加在动词前，表示强调
She does like dogs. 她真的喜欢狗。
Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。
Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!
I do hope you’ll get better soon. 我真希望你早日康复。
He did come but soon went back. 他是来了，但很快就回去了。
三、用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复
“She likes cakes.” “She really does.”“她喜欢吃蛋糕。”“她的确喜欢。”
Watch that man—I want to know everything he does. 盯住那个人——我要了解他的一切活动。
I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。
She paid them a generous wage for the little they did. 她为他们的那么一点工作付了很高的工资。
Some parents did it only once a week, some said they never did. 一些父母每周仅做一次，一些父母则说他们从来不做。
助动词have的用法：
助动词have以及它的变体has, had等的主要用法如下：
1. have +过去分词，构成完成时态。如：
He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
We’ve just done the washing-up. 我们刚洗完碗碟。
Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。
I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。
2. have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。如：
I have been studying English for 8 years. 我学英语已达八年了。
The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。
By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个噩梦。
3. have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。
None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。
与“小学英语助动词的用法规律”相关文章
赞（0）
12
12
分享：
