英语中动词ing的用法

-ing分词具有动词的一些特征,可带自己的宾语或状语,从而一起构成动词—ing 形式的短语。这个动词—ing 形式短语具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句子中,可做句子的主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、同位语、定语及状语等成分。下面小编告诉你英语中动词ing的用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中动词ing的用法:
(1) 作主语
-ing分词短语放在句子的前面做主语,但当-ing分词短语较长时,为了使句子保持平衡,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如:
Reading makes a man perfect. 阅读使人完美。
Crying over spilt milk is no use. —It is no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶倒了,哭也无益。
-ing分词做真正的主语时常用于句型:It is no use doing…/ It is no good doing… / It is useless doing…/ It is worthwhile doing…如:
It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。
It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。
英语中动词ing的用法
(2) 作宾语
-ing分词既可做某些动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
a. -ing分词并不是做所有及物动词的宾语,而是只能做某些及物动词的宾语,如:admit, advise, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop及下列短语动词的宾语: carry on, can’t help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devote…to, be / get used to, lead to。如:
I dislike playing cards. 我不喜欢打牌。
He enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。
He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一进入办公室就开始工作。
b. 下列动词或形容词: want, require, need, deserve, worth带-ing分词作宾语时,主动形式表被动意义。如:
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。
The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。
c. 介词除besides, but, except接不定式外,一般都须接-ing分词作宾语。如:
You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。
On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲就大哭了起来。
(3) 作表语
-ing分词作表语时,有两种情况,一方面,当-ing分词具有名词性质时,-ing分词短语说明主语的内容;另一方面,当-ing分词具有形容词性质时,-ing分词说明主语的性质或特征。如:
His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容)
His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。(说明工作的特征)
注意:当-ing分词的动作是主语所发出的时,句子不是系表结构,而是动词现在进行时。如:
He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。(现在进行时)
(4) 作宾语的补足语
下列动词可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。
a. 感、知觉动词:feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:
I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗?
I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。
b. 动词find, get, have, keep, leave, send,suggest可接-ing分词作宾语的补足语。如:
I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。
Don’t have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。
动词-ing结构分析:
▲若用作主语或宾语,只能是动名词(因为只有动名词可以用作主语或宾语,而现在分词是不用作主语或宾语的)。如:
She taught us dress-making. 她教我们做女服。
It’s time I did some letter-writing. 到我该写几封信的时候了。
My favourite pastime is bird-watching. 我最喜欢的消遣是观察鸟类。
Should fox-hunting be banned? 猎狐活动应该禁止吗?
Story-telling has acquired the status of an art form. 讲故事已经成为一种艺术形式。
英语中动词ing的用法
▲若用作定语,且与被修饰名词之间具有主谓宾关系,则是现在分词。如:
The English-speaking peoples share a common language. 讲英语的各民族拥有共同的语言。(English-speaking peoples = peoples who speak English)
Any four out of the five would make a potential medal-winning team. 五人中任意四个组成的队都有可能获奖。(medal-winning team = team that wins a medal)
▲但如果与与被修饰名词之间没有主谓宾关系,而是表示被修饰名词的作用或功能,则是动名词。如:
My old school is giving a fund-raising dinner. 我的母校将举办筹款晚宴。(a fund-raising dinner = a dinner for raising fund)
The company won a 10 million order for oil-drilling equipment. 这个公司赢得了1,000 万英镑石油钻井设备的订单。(oil-drilling equipment = equipment for drilling oil)
动名词和动词-ing形式的区别:
▲先说说概念:动名词是与现在分词相对存在概念,我们平时说的动词的-ing就包括了动名词和现在分词。所以,我估计,你的疑问应该是:动名词是与现在分词的区别是什么吧!或者说动词的-ing形式在什么情况下叫“动名词”,什么情况下叫“现在分词”,对吧?
▲说多了你可能记不住,简单点吧,但很实用的:
1. 动词的-ing形式作主语时,它一定叫动名词,不能叫现在分词。如:
Swimming is a good form of exercise. 游泳是一种很好的运动。(动名词)
Reading and writing are necessary skills. 读和写是必备的技能。(动名词)
2. 动词的-ing形式作宾语时,它一定叫动名词,不能叫现在分词。如:
I enjoy playing football. 他喜欢踢足球。(动名词)
I like doing research. 我喜欢做研究工作。(动名词)
3. 动词的-ing形式作表语时,可能是动名词,也可能是现在分词,区别是:若主语与表语能划等号,是动名词;否则就是现在分词。如:
My job is selling insurance. 我的工作是推销保险。(动名词)
My job is interesting. 我的工作很有趣。(现在分词)
4. 动词的-ing形式作定语时,可能是动名词,也可能是现在分词,区别是:若表示功能或作用,是动名词;若表示正在进行的动作是现在分词。如:
a sleeping car 卧铺车箱(表示这车箱的作用是供人sleeping的,故是动名词)
a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩子(表示这个boy正在sleeping,故是现在分词)
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语的三类重要考点:
考点一:考查介词后接动词时所用形式
【考题实例】One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ___61___ (be) late for school. (2014课标卷II语法填空题)
【考点分析】本句答案为being。因为空格前的 about 为介词,根据英语语法的要求,当介词后面接一个动词作宾语时,这个动词通常要用-ing形式(即传统语法中的动名词形式)。又如:
I’m very nervous about taking that exam. 参加那个考试我很紧张。
She rested for two weeks after being in the hospital. 出院后,她休息了两周。
Save the document to disk before closing it. 关闭文件前把它保存到磁盘上。
He ran ten kilometres without stopping. 他一路不停跑了10公里。
【特别提醒】表示“除……之外”的介词but和except是例外,当它后面接动词作宾语时,该动词通常用不定式(不定式是否带to与其前是否有动词do有关:有do则通常不带to,没有do则通常带to)。如:
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。
She had nothing to do except spend money. 她除了花钱更无所事事。
考点二:考查习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的用法
【考题实例】Still, the boy kept ___67___ (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. (2014课标卷II语法填空题)
【考点分析】本题答案填 riding。在英语中,当一个动词后面接另一个动词作宾语时,用作宾语的动词有时要用不定式,有时要用动词的-ing形式,而本句中的 keep 则是一个只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词主要有: acknowledge, admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, deny, discuss, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forbid, forgive, give up, imagine, include, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, prohibit, propose, put off, recall, recollect, recommend, repent, report, resist, risk, save, stop, suggest, understand, witness等。
【温馨提示】动词keep后接动词-ing形式的用法似乎是高考命题特别青睐的一个考题,请再看2014年的一道真题(答案为holding):
Keep ___64___ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. (2014辽宁卷语法填空题)
考点三:考查动词-ing形式与不定式的用法区别
【考题实例】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ___66___ (stop) until we reached the next stop. (2014课标卷II)
【考点分析】本题答案填 to stop。在高考中动词-ing形式的用法总与不定式的用法有着千丝万缕的联系。正如有些动词后接另一动词作宾语习惯上要用-ing形式一样,还有一些动词则习惯上要接不定式作宾语,本题的 refuse 就是其中之一。高考阅卷的统计数据表明,做题本题的答卷中,90%以上的考生是错填了动词的-ing形式(stopping)。
【相关归纳】习惯上只接不定式作宾语的动词主要有:afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, wish等。
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