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小学英语情态动词的用法的题

情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。下面是小学英语情态动词的用法的题,大家一起来看看吧!
小学英语情态动词的用法的题:
1. —I thought you wouldn’t mind.
—Well, as a matter of fact I don’t, but you _______ me first.
A. should ask B. should have asked
C. must ask D. must have asked
2. —I called you yesterday. A woman answered, but I didn’t recognize her voice.
—Oh, it _______ my aunt Jean.
A. must be B. must have been
C. might be D. can have been
3. That car nearly hit me; I _______.
A. might be killed B. might have been killed
C. may be killed D. may been killed
4. He _______ the test again, in which case, his mother will be very disappointed.
A. might fail B. must have failed
C. should fail D. could have failed
5. —Why didn’t she come to the meeting yesterday?
—I’m not so sure. She _______ ill.
A. should be B. should have been
C. must be D. might have been
6. Why did you just sit and watch? You _______ me.
A. could help B. should help
C. could have helped D. must have helped
7. We _______ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
8. — I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
— You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
9. — What’s the name?
— Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
10. If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
11. — Must he come to sign this paper himself?
— Yes, he _______.
A. need B. must C. may D. will
12. —May I smoke here?
—If you _______, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
13. — Could I have a word with you, mum?
— Oh dear, if you _______.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
14. We hope that as many people as possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
15. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
A. should have taken B. could have taken
C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
16. The teacher _______ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted time on him, I suppose.
A. should B. can C. would D. must
17. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it?
A. can B. must C. should D. would
18. The biggest problem for most plants, which ___ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
19. — She looks very happy. She _______ have passed the exam.
— I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
20. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _______ have driven her there.
A. could B. must C. might D. should
小学英语情态动词的用法的题
【答案详解】
1. B。should 后接动词完成式表示“本来应该做某事,结果未做”,此处含有责备之意。but you should have asked me first的意思是“你本来应该先问我一声的”。
2. B。对过去情况的肯定推测,宜用“情态动词 + 动词完成式”,再根据句意,可确定答案为B。注:can 表示推测通常不用于肯定陈述句。
3. B。表示过去可能发生而实际上未发生的事,用“might +动词完成式”,不用“may+动词完成式”。若只是推测过去可能已经发生的事,则可用“may [might] + 动词完成式”,如:He may [might] have gone. 他可能已经走了。
4. A。根据下文的 will be 可知,“他考试不及格”是将来的事,据此可排除B和D。再根据语意,排除C。
5. D。从时间上看,由于是昨天没来开会,所以推测“他生病”也应是昨天,故排除A和C。从语境上看,既然上文说I’m not so sure,那么说明说话者对自己的推测没有很大把握,故选D。
6. C。根据上文的过去时态可知,此句谈的是过去的事,故排除A和C。根据语境排除D。You could have helped me的意思是“你本来可以帮帮我的(但你却没有帮)”。
7. B。比较:needn’t have done意为“本来不必做某事”,may not have done意为“(过去)可能没有做某事”,shouldn’t have done意为“本来不应该做某事”(must表推测时不用于否定式)。根据句意,显然只能选B。
8. D。将四个选项分别置于句中,比较句意的通顺性,可知填should最佳。
9. A。Shall I…? 意为“要我……吗?”,又如:Shall I help you? 要不要我帮你的忙? Do you want a bath at once, or shall I have mine first? 你马上洗澡还是我先洗?
10. C。因为她“不会”唱歌,所以我才没有邀请她去参加晚会。句中填can’t最通顺。
11. B。以Must开头的疑问句,在作肯定回答时通常要用must或have to,如:Must we bring our passports with us? 我们必须带护照吗?—Yes, you must. 是的,你们必须要带。
12. D。must在此表示坚持或固执,又如:After I gave her my advice,she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
13. B。must在此表示坚持或固执,if you must的意思是“如果你一定要说的话,你就说吧”。
14. D。can在此表示希望或建议,可译为“能够”“可以”,如:We can eat out if you like. 如你愿意,我们可以出去吃。
15. C。needn’t have done的意思是“本来不必做某事”(但实际上做了)。又如:You needn’t have been staying up so late. 你本来无需待到这么晚还不睡的。You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
16. D。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。句意为:我想,老师一定认为约翰逊是值得教的,要不然她就不会在他身上浪费时间了。
17. A。can在此表推测,“can+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测,主要用于否定式或疑问句中。句意为:我的MP4不在包里,我会把它放到哪里去了呢?
18. B。can在此表示能力,can’t表示“不能”。此题所考查的知识点比较简单,但由于句子结构比较复杂,所以许多学生不是由于没有弄清知识点而误选,而是由于不理解句意而误选。全句意为:对于大多数植物来说,它们所面临的最大问题是(有些)动物喜欢以它们为食物,而当它们受到威胁时却不能起身逃跑。
19. C。“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。由于“她看上去气色不错”,而且“考试也不难”,所以她一定是通过了考试。
20. D。比较:“could+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来应该”“本来能够”;“must+have+过去分词”的意思是“一定已经”;“might+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来可以”“本来可能”;“should+have+过去分词”的意思是“本来应该”。根据句意,显然只有D最佳。
情态动词考题的两个侧重点:
一般情态动词考题的考查主要涉及两个方面,一是对情态动词所用句型的考查,二是对情态动词在一定的语境中的意义的考查。如:
1. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can C. need D. may
最佳答案为D。may 表推测,may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略,由于其后出现转折连词 but,说明语意有变化,再结合下文的 He likes driving his car,便可决定此题选D。注意,不能选B,因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
小学英语情态动词的用法的题
2. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
此题最佳答案为C,主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定,既然“没下什么雪”,那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”,所以选 couldn’t be,即选C。
3. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I ________ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案选A。从答话人的语境可知,空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”,即对过去情况作推测,故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”;又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句,故选A。
应对情态动词考题的三个小技巧:
技巧1 充分利用句子语境
综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况,有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用,即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思,就可作出正确选择。如:
(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
分析:答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”,所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测,即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析:答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”,据此语境可推知,这件衣“可能是”哈利的,could表示可能性。
(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析:答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”,据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”,故选can’t。
(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场,但他买了票”。
(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
分析:答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”,所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
技巧2 根据时间确定时态
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说,若对现在情况进行推测,情态动词后接动词原形或进行式;若对过去情况进行推测,则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点);若是对正在发生的情况进行推测,后接动词的进行式。如:
(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析:答案选B。句子的语境是:“我自己能做”,所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢?根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知,动作已经发生,所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况,故选 needn’t have done。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
分析:答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”,下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”,故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
分析:答案选D。由上文的stayed可知,此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊!她一定经历了不少苦难!”
技巧3 注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型,还是用于疑问句型或否定句型,同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如:
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析:答案选 D。在通常情况下,情态动词 can 表示推测时,只用于否定句和疑问句,不用于肯定句,但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意,而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
有关情态动词的10条学习要点:
1. 弄清基本语法特点
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点:
(1) 情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2) 情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3) 变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法
(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能,意为“能,会”。如:
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题?
(2)can 的过去式为could,但它通常只表示过去一般性能力,不表示过去特定场合下的能力,遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。如:
I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法
can / could / may / might均可表示许可,只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可,而can较侧重客观情况的许可;could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气;在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may,不能用 could / might。如:
— Could [Can, May, Might] I use it? 我可以借用它吗?
— Yes, you can [may]. 可以。(不用 could / might)
must 表示必须作某事,其否定式mustn’t表示“不可以”。如:
We must not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了。
4. 弄清表推测的 can / may / could / might / should / must的用法
(1) 从所用句型来看:can用于否定句和疑问句,may用于肯定句和否定式,两者均可用于否定句,但是含义不同(cannot=不可能,may not=可能不);could, might 和 should 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句。如:
She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。
She may not be free tonight. 她今晚可能没空。
He may [might] come tonight. 他今晚可能会来。
Might he know this? 他会知道这事吗?
(2) 从语气上看,can / may / could / might 的语气较不确定,尤其是might, could,其意很不肯定;should表示推测时,其语气比较肯定,它通常指非常可能的事,并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理;must 表示推测的语气最肯定。注意有时高考也会对这种语气上的差异命题,如下面这道高考题:
“When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _________ be ready by 12:00.”
A. can B. should C. might D. need
在四个选项中,首先可排除A和D,因为它们通常不用肯定句中;而B和C均可用于肯定句表示推测,但根据句意:顾客下午要照片,此时店主显然应用语气较肯定的should,而不宜用语气很不肯定的 might,否则顾客是不会满意的。
5. 弄清shall 与 will 的用法
(1) shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外,还可用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如:
You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
(2) will 可以表示习惯和倾向性,意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”如:
The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。
(3) Shall I (we)…? 可用于征求意见等,Will you…?可用于表示请求或邀请等。如:
Shall I turn on the light? 要不要把灯打开?
Will you join us for dinner? 你可否和我们一道去吃晚饭?
6. 弄清must表示“偏偏”的用法
情态动词 must 有时可以表示固执、偏激或碰巧,通常可译为“偏偏”。如:
After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假,汽车偏偏坏了。
7. need和dare的用法要点
need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词,用作实义动词时,后接动词要用不定式,有人称和数的变化,可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句;用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词要用动词原形。如:
You need not pay—it is free. 你不必付钱,这是免费的。
We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。
Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他?
He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题?
注:need 表示“需要”,其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如:
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。
8. 弄清“情态动词+完成式”的用法
(1) must + have done:用于肯定句,表示推测,意为“一定(已经)……”。
(2) can + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……”。
(3) could + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示推测、责备或遗憾等,意为“可能……”“本来可以……”“本来应该……”等。
(4) should [ought to] + have done:可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句,表示责备或遗憾等,意为“本来应该……”。
(5) need + have done:用于否定句或疑问句,用于否定时意为“本来不必”,用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。
(6) may + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……”。
(7) might + have done:用于肯定句或否定句,表示推测,意为“可能(已经)……(此时 might 可换为 may);另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生,意为“本来会……”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能走得这么早。
I should have thought of it. 我本应想到这一点的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我或许得出了错误的结论。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的,为什么只坐在一旁瞧着?
9. 弄清“情态动词+进行式”的用法
这类结构主要用于对一个正在进行的动作进行推测、责备、描述等。如:
He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你。
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你应当戴着你的太阳镜。
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话,要不就是疯了。
10. 弄清may [might] as well和may [might] well的用法
(1) may [might] as well可用来提出建议等,可译为“不妨”(用might时口气更委婉一些)。如:
Catherine, you may as well come too. 凯瑟琳,你不妨也去。
If that’s the case, I may as well try. 如果情况如此,我不妨试一试。
(2) may [might] well可表示比较有把握的推测,意为“很可能”。如:
You might well be right. 你很可能是对的。
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