时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面是英语时态总结，大家一起来看看吧!
英语时态总结：
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：am/is/are+doing
否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：was/were+doing
否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +d one.
一般疑问句：have或has。
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：had + done.
否定形式：had + not + done.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首;②would/should 提到句首。
现在进行时表将来全面归纳：
一、用法归纳
1. 表示计划或安排
现在进行时表示将来意义，主要用于谈论已经计划或安排好的动作，所涉及的动词有些是表示位置移动的，有些不一定是表示位置移动的，但总的说来，能这样用的动词比较有限，主要有arrive, come, dine, do, drive, fly, get, go, have, leave, meet, play, return, see, sleep, spend, start, stay, travel, wear, work等。如：
I’m leaving tonight. I’ve got my plane ticket. 我今天晚上就要动身了，已经买好了机票。
I’m meeting Peter tonight. He is taking me to the theatre. 今天晚上我要跟彼得会面。他要带我去看戏。
“What are you doing this evening?” “I’m washing my hair.” “你今晚打算做什么?”“我要洗头。”
I hate to trouble you, but Aunt Lina’s birthday is coming up and I would like to buy something nice for her. 我真不愿打扰您，但莉娜阿姨的生日就要到了，我想给她买点好东西。
2. 表示即将发生
对于即将要发生的动作，不管是计划好的还是没有计划好的，通常都可用现在进行时来表示。如：
I’m just going out to the post office. Back in a minute. 我要到邮局去，一会儿就回来。
Get your coat on! I’m taking you down to the doctor! 穿好外衣! 我这就带你去看医生!
—Jim, would you come here, please? 吉姆，请过来一下好吗?
—OK, I’m coming. 好的，我就来。
3. 表示命令和拒绝
现在进行时表示将来时，有时可表示命令或拒绝，即用于坚持要别人做什么事或不做什么事。如：
You’re not wearing that skirt to school. 你不可以穿那条裙子去上学。
You’re not playing football in my garden. 你们不许在我的花园里踢足球。
She’s taking that medicine whether she likes it or not. 不管她喜欢不喜欢，她都得吃那药。
二、用法辨析
1. 现在进行时表示将来与一般将来时的区别
(1) 对于未经过预先计划或考虑的行动，必须用will。如：
—Ann is in hospital. 安住院了。
—Oh, really? I didn’t know. I will go and visit her. 哎呀，真的吗?我不知道啊，我要去探望她。(江苏卷高考题)
但是，如果在决定之后，说话人再次提到该行动时，就不用will，而用现在进行时。比如就上面这个对话而言，如果过一会儿后，他们再谈起此事就会说：
I’m going to the hospital to visit Ann tonight. 我今晚要去医院看望安。
(2) 如前文所说，用现在进行时表示将来通常只用于有限的少数动词，其他动词通常要用一般将来时来表示将来。
2. 现在进行时表示将来与一般现在时表将来的区别
(1) 总的说来，现在进行时表示将来时，主观性比较强，通常含有主观决定的意思;而一般现在时表将来，则客观性较强，往往含有客观环境如此的意思。如：
I’m leaving tonight. 我今晚离开。(此句含有我决定离开的意思)
I leave tonight. 我今晚离开。(此句意指这是客观计划的要求)
(2) 当要描述多个安排或计划好的将来动作时，通常用一般现在时，因为此时用现在进行时会显得累赘。如：
We leave at six, arrive in Dublin at ten and take the plane about two hours later. 我们6点出发，10点到达都柏林，大约2小时后乘飞机走。
(3) 当表示根据时刻表的规定或安排要发生的习惯性动作时，通常用一般现在时(较少用现在进行时)表示。如：
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18:20. 你看看时刻表，快点!4026次航班的起飞时间是下午6点20分。(四川卷高考题)
但是，若表示即将要发生的动作，则只能用现在进行时，不用一般现在时。如：
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane is taking off. 女士们，先生们，请系好安全带。飞机就要起飞了。(福建卷高考题)
(4) 对于come, go, do这样的动词，通常要用现在进行时表将来，而不用一般现在时(因为用一般现在时容易与其经常性或习惯性用法相混淆)。如：
What are you doing this evening? 你今晚打算做什么?
但如果是用于倒装句，则只能用一般现在时，即使此时的动作有可能已经开始。如：
—Look, here comes your dream girl. Invite her to dance. 看，你的梦中女孩来了，邀请她去跳舞吧。
—I don’t know. What if she refuses me? 我没把握，要是她拒绝我呢?(重庆卷高考题)
3. 现在进行时表示将来与be going to表将来的区别
(1) 现在进行时表示将来，通常表示确定好的安排;而be going to则往往侧重指个人打算。比较：
I’m meeting Tom at the station at six. 我6点钟到车站接汤姆。(含有同汤姆约好的意味)
I’m going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我打算6点钟到车站接汤姆。(只是个人打算，可能并没有与汤姆约好，去了后汤姆可能会感到意外)
(2) 对于人们无法控制的事情，通常要用be going to结构，而不用现在进行时。如：
Things are going to get better soon. 情况很快就会好起来。
Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain. 瞧那些乌云!快要下雨了。
(3) 当主要动词为go和come时，最好不用be going to结构，而改用go和come的现在进行时。如：
The engineer is coming to repair our phone tomorrow morning. 修理工明天上午来修我们的电话。
(4) 若用现在进行时表将来会引起误解(如让人误认为是进行时态)，则最好用be going to结构。如：
I don’t think that it’s going to rain, but I’ll bring a raincoat just in case. 我想不会下雨，不过为以防万一，我要带件雨衣。(如用it is raining，则会让人误解为正在下雨)
现在进行时的理解与用法：
一、如何理解
顾名思义，现在进行时就是指说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说的“我在看书”“他在吃饭”“火车在行驶”“秘书在打字”等，在英语中都要用现在进行进来表达，因为它们所涉及的动作在说话的时刻都正在进行。
二、构成与用法
现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如：
She is still sleeping. 她还在睡觉。
We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们在等雨停。
They are playing quietly now. 他们在安静地玩着。
三、用法补充
1. 表示临时性：现在进行时除表示说话时正在进行的动作之外，还可表示在短期内临时进行的动作或存在的情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此，并且在说话时刻也不一定正在进行。如：
Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it. 别把梯子拿起，你父亲在用哩。
The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书生病时，教授自己打他的信。
2. 表示计划：即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作，这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如：
Are you working next week? 你下星期工作吗?
We’re spending next winter in Australia. 我们将要在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。
用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常有含有将来意义。如：
He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 16:40 train. 他乘下午4:40的火车明天上午到。
3. 表示重复：现在进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用，强调动作的不断重复的。如：
He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。
He is always thinking of his work.他老是想到他的工作。
She’s constantly changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。
Some students in my class are forever talking. 我班上有些学生老是在说话。
这类用法通常带有一定的感情色彩，如表示满意、赞扬、责备、不满、厌烦、不以为然等。
动词时态考题模拟训练：
1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _______ his mother.
A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost
2. It’s good that we _______ to the park because it’s started to rain.
A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going
3. I _______ for five minutes; why don’t they come?
A. A m calling B. called C. was calling D. have been calling
4. You _______ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed
5. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _______ it?
A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
6. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
7. I arrived late; I _______ the road to be so icy.
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
8. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
9. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _______ advertisements showing happy families.
A. will often see B. often see
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
10. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _______ ?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
11. I _______ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked
12. -What’s that terrible noise?
-The neighbors _______ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing
C. prepare D. will prepare
13. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
14. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book_______50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached
15. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _______her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
16. She _______her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A. would change B. has changed
C. changed D. was changing
17. He _______more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
18.He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
19. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
20. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _______.
A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing
21.—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _______ quite early, so we _______ to the bookstore after that.
A. finished, are going B. finished, go
C. finishes, are going D. finishes, go
22. What we used to think _______ impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
23. — _______ leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until _______ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d find
24. — Where did you put the car keys?
— Oh, I _______ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _______ in.
A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming
C. remember; come D. remember; was coming
25. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
26. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _______ before.
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying
27. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _______ to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
28. In a room above the store, where a party _______, some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held
C. will be held D. is being held
29. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _______ home for dinner.
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
30. It is said that the early European playing-cards _______ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
【答案详解】
1. D。根据“那个小男孩徘徊”这一事实，可推知他已与他的妈妈走散了，故用现在完成时表示结果。
2. C。作者句子后面说“现在开始下雨了”，同时作者庆幸“刚才”没有去公园，所用一般过去时。句意为：好在我们(刚才)没有去公园，因为天(现在)已经开始下雨了。
3. D。此处用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. B。用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是“你只能等了”。
5. B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
6. A。信息句为一般现在时，根据后句中all day long判断，这显然是强调播放新闻对现在的影响，故选现在完成时。
7. C。“迟到”用的是过去时，“没想到路面结冰”应是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
8. B。when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，when指20世纪90年代初，当然用一般过去时。
9. A。这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时，这是一个较为固定的句型。
10. D。因为Jane已经度假去了，“离开”此地就当然是在此之前的过去某个时间了，所以用一般过去时，选D。另外，when通常都不与完成时连用，排除B和C;A与语境不符，不能选。
11. A。由破折号后面的now可知前句的意思是：我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的。这里的“叫”显然发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。
12. B。由What’s=What is可知，现在仍在发出声音，也就是说“邻居们正在为一个晚会作准备”，故用现在进行时态。
13. A。由句中的when the earthquake struck可知，此题要用一般过去时，排除C和D;又因为主语是单数the teacher，所以只有A正确。
14. A。that is意为“换句话说”，它表明前后两句意思相同。由于前面一句的谓语has set是现在完成时，所以后面一句的谓语动词也应用现在完成时，故排除C和D;又因主语the sales是复数，选出正确答案A。
15. D。因为由语境可知，see应该发生在kept looking之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，只有D正确。
16. C。由came可知，她已来重庆了，而改变发型是在来重庆之前，即过去的过去，按理要用过去完成时，但before已经表明紧接着发生的先后两个动作，所以也可用一般过去时，所以选C。
17. D。根据句中的entered可知，他上大学是过去的事，而学了5千个英语单词又是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
18. B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和D;由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D。
19. B。根据表示对照的years ago和recent可知，我们“以前不知道这一点”，但“现在已经证明了这一点”，所以用现在完成时。
20. C。因decided和didn’t want都是过去式，排除选项A和D;因“做”发生在“决定”之后，而不是之前，不能用过去完成时，排除选项B。
21. C。由问句和答语I am going…可知，要用将来时态，排除选项A和B;电影的开始和结束是影院在时刻表中已有的计划，用一般现在时表示，表示最近的打算或安排，可用现在现进时表示。
22. B。根据句中的used to可知，空格处应填一般过去时。句意为：我们过去认为不可能的现在都似乎有可能成为现实。
23. B。第一空用be going to表示打算或意图，第二空用现在完成时暗示对方应该“先找到新工作，然后再辞职”。注：第二空若不用现在完成时，用一般现在时也可以。
24. D。第一空用一般现在时，指的是“现在”还记得;第二空用过去进行时，指的是当时正在做的事。
25. B。此处用现在进行时表示马上要发生的情况(主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作)，如：I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
26. C。用于供参照的过去时间为was nervous(当时坐飞机很紧紧)，与之相比较，hadn’t flown(没有坐过飞机)显然属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
27. C。许多同学可能会简单地根据前面的was giving而误选A。但事实上，此题提供的语境是：我当时正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我曾给其他若干批人讲过。由于was giving为过去进行时，而“曾给其他若干批人讲过”显然发生在was giving这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时，即答案选C。
28. A。根据句中的were busily setting the table可知，晚会还没有举行，由此可排除B和D;比较A和C，A最佳，因为已经在摆桌子，说明晚会马上就要举行了，故用be to do sth结构更合适。
29. D。如果同学们注意到题干中的连词if以及选项中的comes和will come，便可猜测到本题是考查考生对句中的if用法的理解，若if表示“是否”，则它所引导的是宾语从句，那么则要用将来时态表示将来意义;若if表示“如果”，则它所引导的是条件状语从句，则要用一般现在时表示将来意义。通读全句，根据句意可以确定if的意思是“是否”。
30. D。解答此题的关键是要抓住early这一形容词。early European playing-cards的意思是“早期欧洲人玩的扑克牌”，既然是“早期”，肯定就是过去的事了，所以用一般过去时。
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