垃圾处理英语怎么说

随着环境问题逐渐被重视，节能、环保成为各国的发展主题，已经开始为垃圾处理提供产业发展的机会。全世界垃圾年均增长速度为8.42%，而中国垃圾增长率达到10%以上。全世界每年产生4.9亿吨垃圾，仅中国每年就产生近1.5亿吨城市垃圾。中国城市生活垃圾累积堆存量已达70亿吨。在如此巨大的垃圾压力下我们有理由相信，垃圾处理产业会成为未来国内的明星产业。那么，垃圾处理英语怎么说呢？

What is garbage disposal

什么是垃圾处理

A garbage disposal unit or waste disposal unit is a device, usually electrically powered, installed under a kitchen sink between the sink’s drain and the trap which shreds food waste into pieces small enough―generally less than 2 mm (0.079 in)―to pass through plumbing.

Garbage disposal units are widely used in North American households, but far less commonly used elsewhere. In nations with ready access to water and an industrial base, these devices are generally permitted.

Kitchen waste disposal units increase the load of organic carbon that reaches water treatment plant, which in turn increases the consumption of oxygen. Metcalf & Eddy quantified this impact as 0.04 pounds of biochemical oxygen demand per person per day where disposers are used.

This may result in higher costs for energy needed to supply oxygen in secondary operations. However, if the waste water treatment is finely controlled, the organic carbon in the food may help to keep the bacterial decomposition running, as carbon may be deficient in that process. This increased carbon serves as an inexpensive and continuous source of carbon necessary for biologic nutrient removal.

One result is larger amounts of solid residue from the waste-water treatment process. According to a study at the East Bay Municipal Utility District’s wastewater treatment plant funded by the EPA, food waste produces three times the biogas as compared to municipal sewage sludge. The value of the biogas produced from anaerobic digestion of food waste appears to exceed the cost of processing the food waste and disposing of the residual biosolids (based on a LAX Airport proposal to divert 8,000 tons/year of bulk food waste.)

In a study at the Hyperion (Los Angeles) sewage treatment works, disposer use showed minimal to no impact on the total biosolids byproduct from sewage treatment and similarly minimal impact on handling processes as the high volatile solids destruction (VSD) from food waste yield a minimum amount of solids in residue.

Energy usage is not high; typically 500 to 1500 watts of power are used, comparable to an electric iron, but only for a very short time, totaling approximately 3-4 kilowatt hours of electricity per household per year. Daily water usage varies, but is typically one gallon of water per person per day, comparable to an additional toilet flush. One survey of these food processing units found a slight increase in household water use.

垃圾(garbage)是人类日常生活和生产中产生的固体废弃物(solid rejected material)，由于排出量大，成分(component)复杂多样，给处理(disposal)和利用(utility)带来困难，如不能及时处理或处理不当，就会污染环境(environmental pollution)，影响环境卫生。垃圾处理就是要把垃圾迅速清除，并进行无害化处理(harmless disposal)，最后加以合理利用。当今广泛应用的垃圾处理方法是卫生填埋(sanitary landfills)、高温堆肥(high-temperature composting)和焚烧。垃圾处理的目的是无害化、资源化和减量化。