托福阅读考试分数低的原因实例分析
在新托福考试中，很多考生容易疏忽的就是阅读，由于在跟各种英语考试的过招中，绝大局部人会觉得阅读是本人的强项。但是这种认知不一定准确。不少这样的学生，自认阅读不错，实践考出来的分数只要22分左右，以至会更低。ETS对阅读高程度（High level）的评定规范是22—30分。而事实上，阅读假如达不到25分以上，总分想要过百会比拟艰难，由于这相当于把挣分的压力转移到了大局部人比拟弱的听力、口语、写作上面。由此可见，阅读获得高分关于取得百分以上的托福成果是一种确保！
主要丢分的原因：
1. 做题目太快了，大家都追求速度，好像速度快了成绩就好，托福的阅读相对而言还是比较简单的，考试的中心是准确率，而不是速度!
2. 单词你认为背出就背出来了吗?对于单词的理解深度很重要!你知道的应该是在文中它准确的内在英文含义，而不单是中文含意!
3. 做题目的方法很重要，我建议大家读文章时一句一句的读。其实你仔细读了，托福的文章是不会像GRE文章那样搞脑子的!
4. 对于托福词汇题目的问题，可能考的比较难一些，托福的词汇会考到具体一些词汇的用法，而且这些词汇很可能是同义词。我建议大家用词根和词缀的方法背单词，因为这样对于理解单词的含义是科学的，而且记住之后一般不会忘记。
5. 关于阅读中的单词替换问题，我觉得应该属于语法的范畴，仔细把文章中句子的结构搞搞懂，主，谓，宾画画干净，应该没有问题的!
那么为什么很多自以为阅读不错的考生不一定能在这一局部熠熠生辉呢？ 这是由于新托福阅读考试存在一些“绊马索”。
“绊马索”一：细节题考察准确定位。
托福阅读中的细节题其实不难，但前提是定位的点要对，比方下面这个例题：
Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
这是一个典型的细节题，在该题题干中，有的考生会选择Puget Sound作为关键词回原文定位，由于它是专有名词，在文中会比拟显眼。但是假如一旦选择了这个地名，势必会定位在该段的第一句话，托福细节题常常是定位在哪句就在哪句找答案，这样的话考生是选不出正确答案的，由于定位不准确。其实正确的关键词应该是white-tailed deer，这个用连字符衔接的词在文章中也是比拟醒目的，按该词定位应是该段后一句话。所以依据它的意义应该选D项。其中A项与原句意义不符，B和C都与定位句信息无关。我们再来看另外一个否认事实细节题的例子：
Plant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their structure depends on the particular history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession” to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes—in plant numbers and the mix of species—are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is NOT true of climax communities?
A. They occur at the end of a succession.
B. They last longer than any other type of community.
C. The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change
D. They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.
这个题大家都会选择用climax communities去定位，但在定位过程中会呈现很多问题。首先考生要学会腾跃式定位，即依据文章中特殊的标点符号以及醒目的词来搜索我们真正需求的关键词。文中的particular是加了阴影的，succession是在引号里面的，都十分醒目，经过看这两个词我们会发现它们左近没有我们需求的东西；再比拟突出的就是数字及破折号，在500的上方有a climax community，但它是单数，与题干关键词不完整匹配，细节题考究的是准确定位，所以我们应该选择500斜下方的Climax communities，即该段的后一句话。否认事实细节题的出题思绪有两种：一是无中生有，即依据定位点的内容，四个选项只要一个没有提到，这种思绪多适用于选项比拟简短的标题；二是张冠李戴，即依据定位点的内容表述，只要一个选项与之矛盾，这种思绪多顺应于选项比拟长的标题。就这个例题而言，依据定位的后一句话，从表述上来说跟它相关的只要C和D两个选项，D项的意义与原句相符，而C项与原句矛盾，所以正确答案是C。综上所述，做新托福阅读的细节题，重要的一点就是要尽量地去准确定位。
“绊马索”二：无方向中躲藏方向。
新托福阅读考试中绝大局部标题都是对应详细段落的，这会为考生俭省很多时间。但是也不扫除有少量标题的范围比拟大或比拟含糊，考生在寻觅答案时难免一头雾水，费时费力。其实这些看似没有明白定位方向的标题都是隐藏玄机的。下面我们就来看一个例子：
Wind power has a significant cost advantage over nuclear power and has become competitive with coal-fired power plants in many places. With new technological advances and mass production, projected cost declines should make wind power one of the world’s cheapest ways to produce electricity. In the long run, electricity from large wind farms in remote areas might be used to make hydrogen gas from water during periods when there is less than peak demand for electricity. The hydrogen gas could then be fed into a storage system and used to generate electricity when additional or backup power is needed.
Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. In areas where the wind dies down, backup electricity from a utility company or from an energy storage system becomes necessary. Backup power could also be provided by linking wind farms with a solar cell, with conventional or pumped-storage hydropower, or with efficient natural-gas-burning turbines. Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise, although these can be overcome by improving their design and locating them in isolated areas.
Based on the information in paragraph 3 and paragraph 4, what can be inferred about the states of North Dakota, South Dakota, and Texas mentioned at the end of paragraph 1?
A.They rely largely on coal-fired power plants.
B.They contain remote areas where the winds rarely die down.
C.Over 1 percent of the electricity in these states is produced by wind farms.
D.Wind farms in these states are being expanded to meet the power needs of the United States.
这个标题的题干预及到三个段落，而事实上考生基本不需求去看第一段的内容，由于答案根据的是第三、四段的信息，但是这两个段落假如都看的话内容也不少，从应试的角度来说太费时间。正确的做法应该是从选项中发掘一下方向。A项里大家普通都会选择有连字符的coal-fired作为关键词去定位，B项没有比拟显眼的词就只能选名词短语remote areas，C项选1 percent， D项选the United States。选完关键词我们不难发现除了B项不大好定位以外，其他三个选项的关键词都很醒目。经过定位，A项应该去比对第3段的第一句话，意义明显矛盾；B项不好找，能够暂且跳过；C项和D项的关键词在这两段都找不到，这就属于新托福阅读中推理题的错误答案设计办法之一 —— 无中生有。所以固然我们没有去考证B项的说法能否正确，但经过扫除也只能选B了。这样的做题办法就会省时省力，且答案也是正确的。在考试中，这种状况常常会影响考生的心情，进而影响程度的发挥，但是只需我们理解了ETS出题的套路就能把它们轻松搞定。
考场如战场，只要知己知彼方能战无不胜。理解了ETS在设计标题时所运用的“绊马索”，我们就能够很好地做到事半功倍。
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