雅思写作中如何扩展思路

对于雅思作文，相信大多数烤鸭们最头疼的就是缺乏论据，冥思苦想出的观点，却苦无论证。那么雅思写作中如何扩展思路呢?一起来跟小编了解下吧。

首先，偏题问题。在雅思写作中，有一些题目比较长，有背景和限定条件，但是有些学生在审题过程中忽视了这些部分，从而把题目放大了。比如，Some people think motorized flight was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the highest impact on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 很多学生写到这个题的时候忽视了最高级the greatest，直接把题目当成飞机是很重要的发明来写，这样就容易在思路中出现逻辑上的问题。要解决这个问题就要善于把握题目中的关键字词：形容词—对问题定性：如More important/essential;Necessary/unnecessary;动词+名词组合—引出具体问题/某种行为;介词或副词—界定问题/行为的具体范围/对象/前提.

其次，在把握好关键词后，展开思路最好的方法就是头脑风暴(brain storm)。在考场上时间有限，毫无方向的头脑风暴比较耗时，所以我们需要一个方法论来以不变应万变。这就是一些常见的思维拓展角度。任何一个写作题目都可以分为事情本身和对人的影响。对事情本身的讨论常见的拓展角度有：效率，便利，经济，环境，科技，文化等;对人的影响常见的拓展角度有：健康，情感与交流，知识视野，能力与品格，权利与义务等。 比如：Do the benefits of tourism outweigh the drawbacks? Tourism本身的优缺点可以从文化(对当地文化的冲击，传统文化的丢失)，经济(旅游税收，相关产业的发展，创造就业)和环境(旅游资源过度开发，自然环境破坏)的角度展开。当然从人(旅行者)的影响方面，也可以找到开阔视野，减压等好处。在平时的写作练习中，除了思路拓展，我们还应该要积累一些核心词汇，例如涉及语言文化保护问题，我们起码需要准备aboriginal, minority, indigenous, cultural assimilation, cultural diversity, cultural heritage, cultural identity等词汇，谈及旅行开拓视野，需要准备experience

different customs and cultures，sight-seeing, visiting monuments, tasting new cuisine 等词汇.

最后，如果遇到一些分析性的问题或者题干概念比较抽象的题目，我们可以从所讨论的对象出发，推此及彼，将相关的人或物都吸纳进来，以此寻找论点。

如As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. Whatare the factors that contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?

在本题中，从“工作”出发，相关的内容可以划分为包括工作中，上下班途中，下班回家后。上班途中主要接触到老板和同事，所以总结出两个影响工作满意度的因素：同事间的关系是否融洽，老板是否通情达理，慧眼识英才。上下班的途中是否困难重重，所以working place的位置也直接影响到人们对一份工作的满意度。此外，回到家了是否会不会被一个接一个工作电话干扰，会不会经常要加班不能陪伴家人，或者甚至必须把工作带回家。如果工资还低势必工作不开心。 由此推出工作量和工资收入也应归为影响因素。

相关题目：

Some people think that personal happiness is directly related to economic success. Others argue that happiness depends on health. Discuss both of the views and give your own opinion.幸福和经济成功关联，幸福来自健康，讨论再结论?(2012年10月11日)

思路拓展：

财富为何是幸福的源泉：

1. 财富可以使的人的生活自由，舒适以及帮助人去实现诸多的梦想，例如：环游世界旅行，接受最好的教育，享受世间美食。

2. 财富是社会资源的象征，可以赢得别人的尊敬以及羡慕，可以带来成就感。

幸福的其他源泉：

1. 健康是幸福生活的源泉，失去健康，拥有再多的财富，名声和地位都是没有任何意义的。生活中很多的例子，企业家富可敌国，但是，健康每况愈下，身体的负担带来心灵的压力，他们很难幸福。

2. 有了健康的保障，人会更加容易事业成功家庭幸福，因为健康可以使人精力充沛地应对事业的挑战以及乐观地实现家庭的和谐。

3. 一个身心健康的人一定是一个乐观自信的人，他开朗的性格会帮助他扩大交友圈，好友的增加自然带来生活的乐趣。

原创语料库：

1. happiness = sense of happiness n 幸福

2. happiness = well-being = pleasure n快乐

3. happiness index n幸福指数

4. economic success = economic achievement n经济成就

5. have large sums of money = own a great deal of wealth v 拥有财富

6. have deep pockets = have money to burn v 财力雄厚

7. wholesome physique and mentality n健康的身心

8. is closely related to = is associated with 和……相关

9. have little correlation to …… v和……不相关联

10. …… is a more essential factor in achieving happiness ……是获得幸福更加重要的因素

11. strengthen one’s sense of fulfillment v增强人的成就感

12. earn respect and admiration from others v赢得别人的尊敬和羡慕

13. fulfill one’s many wonderful dreams v实现诸多的美丽梦想

14. travel all around the globe v环球旅行

15. enjoy the delicious / delectable/ tasty foods in the world v享受世间美食

原创范文赏析：

首段：背景介绍 + 争议焦点 +作家立场

People have been pondering for years the connotation of true happiness. Perhaps no issue has led to such an end less debate as to whether or not large sums of money could directly bring people well-being. Standards towards happiness differ widely from person to person. My view is that the sense of well-being could derive from wealth, however, other more significant factors have more indispensable roles to play in enhancing one’s happiness index.

二段：论证财富为何是幸福的源泉

Indeed, happiness do closely relate to economic achievement to some extent because a great amount of wealth can make people’s life more enjoyable, comfortable and free. To be more specific, one can fulfill his many dreams such as receiving fine education and traveling around the globe if he or she has deep pocket. Still, economic success implies high social status, which can bring people the sense of happiness and even earn respect from others.

三段：论证幸福更加重要的源泉

Notwithstanding all that, there is no definite correlation between the amount of one’s wealth and his or her happiness index. Happiness，sometimes， does not depend on economic success but completely on wholesome physique and mentality. First, happiness lies in health. More precisely, wealth, fame, or status will be of little meaning if one fails to ensure his health. To illustrate, some affluent enterprisers have money to burn, yet, they are basically unhappy due to the deteriorating health condition and huge mental pressure. Further, health ensures career success and family harmony. In other words, health enables one to brave the career challenges energetically and harmonize the family life optimistically. Ultimately, those who enjoy good health must be confident and optimistic, their pleasant characters can help them enlarge circle of friends. The multiplication of close friends will brighten their spirit and sweeten their lives.

尾段：亮明观点+总结理由

In the final analysis, I re-affirm my conviction that happiness is not only related to economic success but also links to health, which is more significant. Only by means of owing desirable health condition can we enjoy the lifelong sense of pleasure although wealth sometimes indicates the source of happiness.

科技类:

Someone think that robots are very important to humans' future development. Others thought that they are dangerous and have negative effects on the society. Discuss the advantages of disadvantages of the robots. 有人认为机器人对于人类的未来很重要，有人认为机器人很危险，对于社会有负面影响，讨论机器人的利弊?(2011年1月8日雅思作文)

点评：本题同时适合写作雅思题目：科技对于人类和社会的影响。

利弊讨论类提问标志：

…… discuss the advantages of disadvantages. 讨论其利弊

利大于弊布局图：

首段：背景介绍 + 争议焦点 + 作家立场

二段：三个利好展开以及细节和论据的支持

三段：二个弊端展开以及细节和论据的支持

尾段：再次亮明观点 + 总结理由

作家立场：机器人的使用是利大于弊。

思路拓展：

智能机器人利好的展开：

1. 机器人可以代替人做很多危险的或者重复的工作，这就节省了人力，人们可以从事其他方面的工作. 例如，可以利用机器人去深海探险或者太空探索。

2. 企业中应用机器人可以提高工作效率，创造更多的经济价值。例如，新年期间，很多饭店出现用工荒，一家火锅店就购置了机器人服务生，机器人不仅仅节省了人力成本，缓解了用工的压力，更加成为吸引顾客的一道风景。可以想象，机器人在未来的企业发展中将会扮演更加重要的角色。

智能机器弊端的展开：

1. 如果人们多度地依赖机器人，那么这会导致人的创造力，灵活性以及主动性的下降。例如，很多传统的手工艺可能会慢慢地消失。

2. 机器人的普及会使某些人失业。更糟糕的是，对于机器人的纵容有可能使它们成为世界上最先进的战争武器。

语料库：

1. robot=mechanical person n机器人

2. artificial intelligence n 人工智能

3. Many industries are increasingly making use of the robots. 很多工业越来越多地使用机器人。

4. …… can enhance the efficiency of work and generate more economic value v…… 可以提高工作效率以及创造更多的经济价值。

5. Robots can be utilized to do some dangerous and repetitive tasks for human beings, therefore, it can enable people to be involved in other works. 机器人可以代替人做很多危险的重复的工作，这就节省了人力，可以使人们从事其他方面的工作。

解析：be involved in v做……

6. Too much reliance on the robots will contribute to people’s poor creativity, flexibility and self-motivation. 过度依赖机器人会导致人的创造力，灵活性以及主动性的下降。

拓展：self-motivation = initiative n 主动性

7. Many traditional crafts might be substituted by the robots in the future. 在未来，很多传统的手艺可能被机器人替代。

8. The popularity of robots may take the bread out of some people’s mouths. 机器人的普及会使某些人失业。

解析：take the bread out of one’s mouth v抢了某人的饭碗

9. Even worse, being tolerant in robots might make them become the most advanced war weapon in the world.更糟糕的是，对于机器人的纵容也许会使它们成为世界上最先进的战争武器。

解析：even worse 更加糟糕的是

10. The invention of the robot has greatly revolutionized people’s life in many aspects. 机器人的发明，在很多方面，极大地改变了人们的生活。

拓展：invention = contrivance n发明

11. People have been debating the pros and cons of …… without reaching any definite agreement. 人们一直在争议……的利弊，没有达成共识。

拓展：agreement = consensus n一直观点

12. The availability of the robot has really brought huge convenience to people’s life, yet, its drawbacks should be stressed. 机器人给人们的生活带来了巨大的便利，但是，其弊端应该被强调。

解析：bring huge convenience to ……，给……带来巨大的便利

13. Robots have entered many offices or restaurants to help people to perform various tasks, thus , it is likely that people could enjoy more leisure time. 机器人已经进入了很多办公室或者饭店去帮助人们做很多的工作，因此，人们可以享受到更长的休闲时光。

解析：thus，it is likely that……因此，很有可能……

拓展：perform a task = undertake a task = take a task v 做一项工作

14. For example, during the Spring Festal， a hotpot restaurant purchased a robot servant. The robot not only effectively reduced the pressure of the shortage of labor force, but also became a one particular scenery. Millions of customers deliberately ate in this restaurant to feel the sense of refreshment brought about by robot servant. 例如，在春节期间，一家火锅店购置一个机器人服务生，机器人不仅仅有效地缓解了劳动力短缺的压力，而且成为一道独特的景色。很多的顾客特意来这家餐馆就餐，目的就是为了感受机器人服务生带来的新鲜感。

解析：deliberately adv 刻意地

15. Artificial intelligence certainly help people stay away from heavy tasks. 人们智能可以帮助人们远离繁重的工作。

16. However，some problems might inevitably ensue. 然而，一些问题也许不可避免地跟着发生。

拓展：inevitably = unavoidably adv 不可避免地

17. Robot soldiers might arouse chaos just like what is vividly described in the science fiction movies. 机器人士兵可能会引起混乱，就像是我们在科幻电影中看到的一样。

解析：vividly adv 生动地

18. The robot is a double-edged sword，which can be used for equally good or evil. 机器人是一把双刃剑，有利有弊。

19. As for the potential demerits of robots, moral education and law restrictions should be advocated to regulate the use of the robot and to prevent misdeeds of human beings. 至于机器人的弊端，道德教育和法律的约束应该被提倡，去规范机器人的使用，去避免人类的犯罪行为。

解析：potential demerits of ……，……的潜在的弊端

解析：prevent misdeeds of human beings v阻止人类的犯罪行为

20. In closing， my stand is that the merits of the robot prevail over its possible demerits as long as we can use them properly. 总之，我的立场是只要我们以理性的方式来利用机器人，机器人对于人类的作用是利大于弊。

一、比较类问题答题思路及特点

问题类型：

Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

答题思路：

此类问题要求考生从正反两方面对同一观点进行综合分析，并进行比较，从而得出该观点是好处大于坏处，还是坏处多于好处。在解答此类问题时，我们建议考生采用2:1的写作手法，即认为多的那一方面写2点，少的一方面写1点。

很多考生会采用一种比较简单的写作手法，即直接论述题目中所提观点的好处和坏处。虽然这种写法容易掌握，但很难取得高分。冲击高分还需要考生进行更为复杂的思考。因为，在比较的过程当中，如果考生选择好处大于坏处，通常这个缺陷是可以被克服的。也就是说，考生不仅要说出它有什么坏处，还要提供相应的解决方案。这样的写作思路不仅使文章的逻辑看起来更加完整，而且可以减轻字数对考生的压力。

而如果选择坏处多，那么好处的选择就要格外注意，即不能使好处看起来更为重要。最好这种观点带来的好处是可以通过其它方式取得的。这样一来，它的坏处就显得非常重要。比如，“Do the advantages of watching TV outweigh its disadvantages?” 如果考生选择看电视坏处比较多，那么它的好处最好不要是开阔人们的视野、提升人们在相关领域的兴趣，因为这样的好处是人们渴望得到的。我们可以选择看电视能够让人们放松，但由于放松的方式有很多，这样看电视的好处就被弱化了。

二、写作思路及范文详解

下面，我们就以2014年4月的雅思写作真题为例，对这类问题的答题思路进行细致讲解。

In most countries, with the widespread of the use of Internet, people have more freedom to choose to work and study at home instead of travelling to work or college. Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?

面对此类问题，考生不需要立刻做出选择。比较明智的做法是尽可能多的罗列出这种观点的优点和缺点，然后比较它们更有利于自己的写作。

人们选择在家工作的好处：

2 方便，省时

2 免于外界的打扰，更容易全身心的投入到工作当中

2 能够更好的协调工作和家庭的关系，方便照顾家人

人们选择在家工作的坏处：

2 没有太多和他人交流的机会

根据比较，我们会发现在家工作的好处比较多，坏处相对较少，所以如果我们认为“在家工作的好处比坏处多”这一点，写作的难度会比较低。此外，选择在家工作的坏处之一就是切断了自己与外界的联系，那么如何克服这一点呢?我们的解决方案是多参加和同学或同事的聚会，或主动约朋友出来相聚，自己创造和别人沟通交流的机会。总之，在家工作的坏处是可以被克服的，但它的好处给我们带来的是实实在在的福利。

下面，是针对这篇文章的一篇范文。通过这篇文章，希望考生可以真切的体会到此类问题的思路构成过程。

Thanks to the technical development, especially the appearance of Internet, increasing number of people prefer to work and study at home, rather than traveling to work or college. Two benefits brought by working or studying at home convince me to strongly insist that its merits do outweigh its drawbacks.

To begin with,working and studying at home is able to save our time and makes our life more convenient.It is not uncommon phenomenon that people are waiting for the bus or subway in a long queue and not a few people are late for work or class due to the traffic jam. So, if we can choose to work and study at home, it is not necessary for us to take hours on the way to companies and schools. Besides, working and studying at home gives us a more flexible timetable. We do not have to wake up at 6 o’clock in the morning to arrive in the company on time. We are able to decide when we start and stop the work, based on our physical and psychological conditions. The same thing occurs to study as well. We will not see any students falling asleep in the class any more. Therefore, our working and studying efficiency will be highly improved.

What’s more, our family connection will be enhanced by working and studying at home.Resulting from the heavy social and living pressure, a lot of parents have to leave their children alone at home and go to work, which makes them spend little time with their children. That is the reason why many parents do not understand their kids very well. If those parents can work at home, they can handle their work and spend more time with their children at the same time. By doing this, parents can know more about their children and exchange emotions and ideas with each other. Then, distance among family members will be shortened and the family relationship could be strengthened.

On the other hand, working and studying at home blames for blocking people’s channel to communicate with others. It may possible lead people to feel isolated and lonely. However, I think we can avoid such consequence with suitable approaches. One solution to it is that people can actively take part in the party held by their classmates or colleagues. As another key, people can make a call to their friends to have a dinner and share each others’ experiences as well.

To my conclusion, those two benefits of working and studying at home are obvious and make us live more comfortable with flexible timetable and close personal relationship. And the so called limitation of doing that can be overcome by several methods. Therefore, I strongly believe that the advantages of working and studying at home are far more than the disadvantages of it.

在这篇范文中，作者提出了两点好处，并加以细致的论述。而在缺点的论述部分，作者并没有花太多的时间在缺点的产生原因上面，而是解释了如何克服这个缺点。这样既不走题，也可以突出在家工作学习的好处，各位考生可以适当借鉴。除此之外，这篇范文中的中心句可以很好的表达每一段的核心大意，这也是各位考生需要学习的重点之一。