从我们开始接触英语那天起，先是词汇，然后紧接就会有语法，大作文的接触就像晴空万里中突然袭来的暴风雨。下面就来说说雅思写作高分方法，大家千万别错过。
雅思写作高分方法
连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面，前者指的是内在的逻辑性，后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连，句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之，只有意连而没有形连，有时行文就不够流畅。
1)意连
段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思，边写边想，写写停停，那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。
A.按时间先后排列(chronological arrangement)
We had a number of close calls that day. When we rose, it was obviously late and we had to hurry so as not to miss breakfast; we knew the dining room staff was strict about closing at nine o'clock. Then, when we had been driving in the desert for nearly two hours ----- it must have been close to noon ---- the heat nearly hid us in; the radiator boiled over and we had to use most of our drinking water to cool it down. By the time we reached the mountain, it was four o'clock and we were exhausted. Here, judgement ran out of us and we started the tough climb to the summit, not realizing that darkness came suddenly in the desert. Sure enough, by six we were struggling and Andrew very nearly went down a steep cliff, dragging Mohammed and me along with him. By nine, when the wind howled across the flat ledge of the summit, we knew as we shivered together for warmth that it had not been our lucky day.
本段从"rose"(起床)写起，然后是吃早餐("not to miss breakfast", "closing at nine o'clock")，然后是"close to noon"，一直写到这一天结束("By nine--")。
B.按位置远近排列(spatial arrangement)。例如：From a distance, it looked like a skinny tube, but as we got closer, we could see it flesh out before our eyes. It was tubular, all right, but fatter than we could see from far away. Furthermore, we were also astonished to notice that the building was really in two parts: a pagoda sitting on top of a tubular one-story structure. Standing ten feet away, we could marvel at how much of the pagoda was made up of glass windows. Almost everything under the wonderful Chinese roof was made of glass, unlike the tube that it was sitting on, which only had four. Inside, the tube was gloomy, because of the lack of light. Then a steep, narrow staircase took us up inside the pagoda and the light changed dramatically. All those windows let in a flood of sunshine and we could see out for miles across the flat land.
本段的写法是由远及近，从远处("from a distance")写起，然后"get closer"，再到(" ten feet away")，最后是"inside the pagoda"……当然，按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要，也可以由近及远，由表及里等等。
C.按逻辑关系排列(logical arrangement)
a.按重要性顺序排列(arrangement insgroupsof importance)
If you work as a soda jerker, you will, of course, not need much skill in expressing yourself to be effective. If you work on a machine, your ability to express yourself will be of little importance. But as soon as you move one step up from the bottom, your effectiveness depends on your ability to reach others through the spoken or the written word. And the further away your job is from manual work, the larger the organization of which you are an employee, the more important it will be that you know how to convey your thoughts in writing or speaking. In the very large business organization, whether it is the government, the large corporation, or the Army, this ability to express oneself is perhaps the most important of all the skills a man can possess.
这一段谈的是表达能力，它的重要性与职业，身份有关，从"not need much skill"或"of little importance"到"more important"，最后是"most important"。
b.由一般到特殊排列(general-to-specific arrangement)
If a reader is lost, it is generally because the writer has not been careful enough to keep him on the path. This carelessness can take any number of forms. Perhaps a sentence is so excessively cluttered that the reader, hacking his way through the verbiage, simply doesn't know what it means. Perhaps a sentence has been so shoddily constructed that the reader could read it in any of several ways. Perhaps the writer has switched tenses, or has switched pronouns in mid-sentence, so the reader loses track of when the action took place or who is talking. Perhaps sentence B is not logical sequel to sentence A ---- the writer, in whose head the connection is clear, has not bothered to provide the missing link. Perhaps the writer has used an important word incorrectly by not taking the trouble to look it up. He may think that "sanguine" and "sanguinary" mean the same thing, but the difference is a bloody big one. The reader can only infer what the writer is trying to imply.
这一段谈的是a writer's carelessness，先给出一个general statement作为主题句，然后通过5个"perhaps"加以例证。
c.由特殊到一般排列(specific-to-general arrangement)
I do not understand why people confuse my Siamese cat, Prissy, with the one I had several years ago, Henry. The two cats are only alike in breed. Prissy, a quiet, feminine feline, loves me dearly but not possessively. She likes to keep her distance from people, exert her independence and is never so rude as to beg, lick, or sniff unceremoniously. Her usual posture is sitting upright, eyes closed, perfectly still. Prissy is a very proper cat. Henry, on the other hand, loved me dearly but possessively. He was my shadow from morning till night. He expected me to constantly entertain him. Henry never cared who saw him do anything, whether it was decorous or not, and he usually offended my friends in some way. The cat made himself quite comfortable, on the top of the television, across stranger's feet or laps, in beds, drawers, sacks, closets, or nooks. The difference between them is imperceptible to strangers.
本段的主题句是段首句，它仅提出一个问题：为什么两只猫会被搞混。然后对两者进行比较，末句才下结论。
2)形连
行文的逻辑性常常要靠适当的转换词语及其他手段来实现。请读下面这一段文字并找出文中用以承上启下的词语：
Walter's goal in life was to become a successful surgeon. First, though, he had to get through high school, so he concentrated all his efforts on his studies --- in particular, biology, chemistry, and math. Because he worked constantly on these subjects, Walter became proficient in them; however, Walter forgot that he needed to master other subjects besides those he had chosen. As a result, during his junior year of high school, Walter failed both English and Latin. Consequently, he had to repeat these subjects and he was almost unable to graduate on schedule. Finally, on June 6, Walter achieved the first step toward realizing his goal.
本文中起承上启下的词语有两种，一种是转换词语(transitional words or phrases)，另一种是起转换作用的其他连接手段(linking devices)。前者依次有：first, though, so, in particular, and, because, however, besides, as a result, both…and, consequently, and, finally.后者依次是：he, he, his, his, he, these, them, he, those, his, he, these, his.本段1有词汇105个，所使用的转换词语及其他连接用语共26个词，约占该段总词汇量的四分之一。由此可见，掌握好transitions不仅对行文的流畅(smoothness)有益，而且对于学生在规定时间内写足所要求的字数也是不无好处的。
一个段落里如果没有transitions也就很难有coherence了.我们看下面一个例子：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds. Writing uses written symbols. Speech developed about 500 000 years ago. Written language is a recent development. It was invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal. The word choice of writing is often relatively formal. Pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from. Pronunciation and accent are ignored in writing. A standard diction and spelling system prevails in the written language of most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and rise and fall of the voice. Writing lacks gesture, loudness and the rise and fall of the voice. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
本段中除了第6句开头出现一个起过渡作用的"it"之外，没有使用其他的过渡词语.这样，文中出现许多重复的词语，全段读起来也显得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的过渡词语来修饰的话，这一段就成了下面一个流畅连贯的段落：
Speaking and writing are different in many ways. Speech depends on sounds; writing, on the other hand, uses written symbols. Speech was developed about 500 000 years ago, but written language is a recent development, invented only about six thousand years ago. Speech is usually informal, while the word choice of writing, by contrast, is often relatively formal. Although pronunciation and accent often tell where the speaker is from, they are ignored in wiring because a standard diction and spelling system prevails in most countries. Speech relies on gesture, loudness, and the rise and fall of the voice, but writing lacks these features. Careful speakers and writers are aware of the differences.
有损连贯性的几种情况：
考生在写作中经常出现下面几种错误：
1)不必要的改变时态，比如：
In the movie, Robert Redford was a spy. He goes to his office where he found everybody dead. Other spies wanted to kill him, so he takes refuge with Julie Christie. At her house, he had waited for the heat to die down, but they come after him anyway.
2)不必要的改变单复数，比如：
Everybody looks for satisfaction in his life. They want to be happy. But if he seeks only pleasure in the short run, the person will soon run out of pleasure and life will catch up to him. They need to pursue the deeper pleasure of satisfaction in work and in relationships.
3)不必要的改变人称，比如：
Now more than ever, parents need to be in touch with their children's activities because modern life has the tendency to cause cleavages in the family. You need to arrange family like it so that family members will do things together and know one another. You need to give up isolated pleasures of your own and realize that parents have a set of obligations to sponsor togetherness and therefore sponsor knowledge.
因此写作中，一定要注意时态，人称以及数的变化是否正确，要注意保持一致。
雅思大作文的语法
需要备好各种从句：其中5.5分以上必备三大经典从句：定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句
1. 定语从句：
多用who(指人)、which(指物)、that(即可指人也可以指物)，还有一个经典的容易被忽视的定语从句在大作文中可以表达事件发生的原因：即由why引导的固定句型...the reason(s) why...
E.g:There may be some reasons why entertainment stars earn high salaries but overall Iagree that they are overpaid.
2. 宾语从句：
文章中提出观点的好句型，无论是你自己的观点还是文章中原来给出的观点都可以。建议多用that引导的，不容易出错，如：some people think/agree/suggest/insist that...
E.g:A growing number of parents believe that being overly dependent on social networkingwebsites only makes their children more isolated in the real world.
3.状语从句：
状语的种类特别多，所以状语从句是你最能够表现句型多样化的机会。牢记以下几种状从的分类，句子的丰富性自然就出来了：
A.时间状语从句(引导词：when/as/while/since/the moment...)
E.g:The related sectors should take effective measures the moment the problem appeared.
B.地点状语从句(引导词：where/wherever)
E.g:Generally，air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
C.原因状语从句(引导词：because/since/as/seeing that...)
E.g:As this policy would also affect the cost of public transport, it would be very unpopularwith everyone who needs to travel on the roads.
D.条件状语从句(引导词：if/as long as/providing that/provided that...)
E.g:The government will increase its support for public education, provided that such funds canbe put to good use.
E.让步状语从句(就是转折关系，引导词：though/although/while/no matterwho/where/which/how...)
E.g:*While (表示二者对比)some people link happiness to wealth and material success, othersthink it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. *Even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is notunrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.
雅思写作的丢分误区
一：背大学四六级词汇就能顺利通过雅思写作考试
雅思写作考试，相当多数量的高中生听说只要花时间把大学四六级的单词全部背熟就能参加雅思写作考试。这种错误的观念目前普遍存在于正积极准备参加雅思考试的广大高中生，乃至大学生中。其实，大学四六级英语考试和雅思考试完全是2种不同的英文测试系统，2者没有内在联系，应试方法也大相径庭。
从写作角度来说，雅思的学术类大作文没有所谓的词库，而学术类报告的常用词汇和国内英语考试写作的词汇又是完全不同的。所以高中生花大精力在背诵和记忆大学四六级词汇无疑是浪费时间和青春的一种行为。笔者的学生中有很多已经顺利通过大学四六级考试，有的甚至是高分通过，但是他们的雅思写作分数却是很低，有些甚至连5分都没有到。显然仅靠背诵四六级词汇是无法顺利通过雅思写作考试的。
针对这一误区，建议考生多阅读国外学术类报告，积累词汇和惯用句型，或者看剑桥雅思系列真题集1-7，里面的阅读文章包括附录中考官给出的高分范文中的词汇都是雅思写作考试的重要词汇。此外，有时间的高中生当然应该去参加专业和系统的雅思考前培训，在较短的时间内，职业的雅思培训师会教会你们如何正确科学并高效地准备雅思考试。
二：裸考雅思，以考代替复习
有些高中生认为只要多参加雅思考试，分数自然会提高;而且他们说也没有太多时间看书复习或是参加雅思培训班。
雅思考试并不是一门“廉价”的考试，参加一次雅思考试基本费用为人民币1456元。有些去外省市考试的同学还要考虑交通和住宿费用。对于绝大多数高中生的家庭来说，这并不是一笔很小的开支。因此不断连续参加雅思考试，屡战屡败，屡败屡战不是很聪明的方法。而且考多了会对高中生的心理产生一定的影响。尽管雅思考试并不像高考那样一考定终生，每年有40多场雅思考试可以参加。但是毫无准备的去参加考试本身是一种不成熟和对自己不负责，对父母血汗钱的一种亵渎。因此建议高中生必须经过系统培训或者自学后，有一定的准备和把握了再去参加雅思考试，以期顺利通过。
三：反复做剑桥真题系列，就能得到写作高分
剑桥真题系列是一套非常经典和权威的雅思应考资料，可以这么说，所有准备参加雅思考试的考生基本人手都有一套剑桥的教材。有高中生将其作为圣经，反复做里面的套题，以期节省培训费用和时间，在雅思考试中取得不错的分数。诚然，笔者接触过几个没有参加过任何培训，只是通过做剑桥真题就考出不错成绩的同学。但是这些同学共同的一个特征就是英语基本功扎实，智力很高，逻辑思维出色，学习方法得当。但是对于普通高中生来说，只做真题，不总结，不反复推敲，显然是不行的。
正确的做法是要仔细拜读剑桥附录中考官撰写的雅思范文，推敲其段落布局，词汇句型，发展思路等。有条件的同学可以请职业雅思培训师帮你们解读，或者参加培训班的时候听老师的讲解。
四：大量背诵写作模板
很多高中生过于相信一些写作论坛或者写作书上推荐的写作模板，并且将其运用到雅思考试中去，但是最后的分数却是差强人意。其实模板作为一种解读雅思写作思路的工具还是起到一定作用的，考生可以通过阅读写作模板来迅速了解雅思写作段落布局和层次。但是谈及考试时的运用，笔者不敢苟同。多年第一线雅思写作培训过程中，凡是写作在7分以上的学生，几乎没有人是使用写作模板的。而且钟情于模版的学生一般的写作分数甚至连6分都不到。所以不推荐同学大量背诵写作模板，理由很简单，写作是“活”的，模板是“死”的。
正确的方法是多写，写之前要对雅思的2部分写作结构有一定了解，词汇和句型要有一定积累，最好是能参加专业培训，遇到一些有经验的写作老师，在你考前助你一臂之力，这样一定可以取得理想的成绩。
五：光看范文而不写
只看不写肯定不能在雅思写作考试中考出应有成绩。因为雅思写作考试只有1小时时间，而且要完成2篇高质量学术文章。高中生平时只是单纯阅读高分范文或者老师写的文章，而自己不去亲力亲为地写作的话，首先无法对于时间有个很好的掌控，即使是英语专业的学生，若在考试前不写的话也是不行的。其次，如果不写的话有些单词拼写错误或者句型语法错误就无法及时暴露，从而这些语法错误只能成为最终考试的绊脚石。因此参加雅思考试的高中生在考试前一定要练习一定数量的写作题目。
