助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义，但没有词汇意义，不可单独作谓语。它没有对应的汉译，下面小编告诉你英语助动词have的用法，大家一起来看看吧!
英语助动词have的用法：
1. have +过去分词，构成完成时态。如：
He has left for Japan. 他已去了日本。
We’ve just done the washing-up. 我们刚洗完碗碟。
Poor Jim has just had an accident. 可怜的吉姆刚出了个事故。
I have had this car for three years. 这辆汽车我已用了3年了。
By the end of last month, they had finished the work. 上月未他们就已经完成了工作。
2. have + been +现在分词，构成完成进行时。如：
I have been studying English for 8 years. 我学英语已达八年了。
The children have been having a lot of run. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarreled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。
By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。
I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个噩梦。
3. have+been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。如：
English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。
I have been made redundant, so I’m going abroad. 我被定成了超编人员，所以我打算出国。
Thousands of pounds have been spent on the new hospital. 这家新医院花费了数千英镑。
None of my friends have been invited to the party. 我的朋友中没有一个被邀参加晚会。
All means have been used to get him to change his mind. 为了转变他的想法，所有的办法都用过了。
have 的用法要点：
1. 表示状态(如表示拥有、患病等)或表示“必须”(即用于 have to)时，在用法上应注意以下几点：
(1) 不用于进行时态或被动语态。如：
误：We are having a piano. / A bad cold is had by him.
(2) 在否定句或疑问句中，可以不用助动词do(在非正式文体中可在have之后加got)(主要见于英国英语中)，也可用助动词do(主要见于美国英语中)。如：
He hasn’t (got) a computer.=He doesn’t have a computer. 他没有电脑。
在非正式的美国英语中，有时也用 have got 的形式，且有时还可将 have 省去。如：
I (‘ve) got a problem. 我有个问题。
(3) 即使在英国英语中，若指经常性的现象，也通常用助动词 do 来构成疑问式和否定式。且不与got搭配;若指暂时现象，则不用助动词do来构成疑问式和否定式，且可以与got连用(注：在美国英语中则无此区别，一般都用do构成疑问式和否定式)。如：
Have you (got) a cold now? 你感冒了吗?
Do you often have colds? 你感冒了吗?
I haven’t got to work tomorrow. 我明天不必上班。
I don’t usually have to work on Sundays. 星期天我通常不必上班。
(4) 表示“拥有”时，构成否定式有两种可能：若其后的名词没有限定词修饰，则通常用 have no;若有限定词(如a, any, much, many, enough等)修饰。则通常用 have not。如：
I have no friends. / I haven’t any friends. 我没有朋友。
He hasn’t much money. 他没有很多钱。
2. 表示动作，如表示“吃(=eat)”“喝(=drink)”“拿(=take)”“收到(=receive)”“度过(=spend)”等时，在用法应注意以下几点：
(1) 可用于进行时态，但一般不用于被动语态。如：
误：Lunch is had by him.
正：He is having lunch. 他在吃中饭。
(2) 不与 got 连用。如：
误：I’d like to have got a look at it.
正：I’d like to have a look at it. 我想看看它。
(3) 一般不用缩略式。如：
误：We’d a good time at the party.
正：We had a good time at the party. 我们在晚会上玩得很高兴。
(4) 构成否定式和疑问式时，必须用助动词 do。如：
误：When had you breakfast?
正：When did you have breakfast? 你什么时候吃早餐?
do用作助动词的三种用法：
一、用于构成疑问句、否定句或倒装句
1. 构成疑问句
Where do I pay? 我在哪儿付钱?
When do you start? 你何时动身?
How did you do it? 你是怎么做的?
How do you feel today? 你今天感觉如何?
Why do you keep on smiling? 你怎么老是笑?
How does the story end up? 这故事结局如何?
How does she stay so young? 她怎么能永葆青春呢?
When did you realise that the money was missing? 你什么时候发觉钱丢了?
2. 构成否定句
I don’t like football. 我不喜欢足球。
Please don’t annoy me. 请不要打搅我。
I didn’t arrive at the station early enough. 我到达车站不够早。
I don’t care how expensive it is. 我不在乎这件东西有多贵。
I didn’t meet either Jane or her husband. 简或是她的丈夫我都没遇见。
He washed the car. He didn’t polish it. 他冲洗了汽车。他没有擦拭它。
3. 构成倒装句
Never did he speak about his own merits. 他从不讲自己的功绩。
Very rarely did she receive letters from her brother. 她很少收到她兄弟的信。
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他一到家，她就抱怨起来。
Never did he think the book would be finished so soon. 他可没想到这本书会这么快看完。
Seldom has a devoted teacher been so splendidly rewarded. 一位忠诚的教师很少受到如此丰厚的报答。
二、加在动词前，表示强调
She does like dogs. 她真的喜欢狗。
Do have another cup of coffee. 请再喝杯咖啡吧。
Do be careful with that vase! 务必小心那个花瓶!
I do hope you’ll get better soon. 我真希望你早日康复。
He did come but soon went back. 他是来了，但很快就回去了。
三、用来表示刚提到的动作，以避免重复
“She likes cakes.” “She really does.”“她喜欢吃蛋糕。”“她的确喜欢。”
Watch that man—I want to know everything he does. 盯住那个人——我要了解他的一切活动。
I always eat peas with honey. My wife never does. 我总是就着蜂蜜吃豌豆。我的妻子从来不这样吃。
She paid them a generous wage for the little they did. 她为他们的那么一点工作付了很高的工资。
Some parents did it only once a week, some said they never did. 一些父母每周仅做一次，一些父母则说他们从来不做。
助动词be的用法：
1. be +现在分词，构成进行时态。如：
They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。
We were planting trees this time yesterday. 我们昨天这个时候在植树。
2. be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。如：
The door was broken by Tom. 门是汤姆打破的。
English is taught in our school. 我校教英语。
3. be + 动词不定式，可表示：
A. 打算、决定、计划、安排等。如：
He is to visit Japan next week. 他决定下周访问日本。
I was to have told you yesterday, but you were not in. 我本打算昨天告诉你的，但你不在家。
B. 指示、命令、禁止等，即“必须，一定”。如：
You are to hand in the exercises tomorrow. 你们明天必须交练习。
You’re not to (=You mustn’t) smoke here. 你不可以在此处抽烟。
C. 责任、义务、需要，即“该不该”。如：
You are to (=should) report to the police. 你应该报警的。
Am I to go on with the work? 这工作我该不该继续干下去?
D. 可能性，与can, may相当，不定式多用被动式。如：
The book was not to (=could not) be found. 那本书可能找不到了。
E. 假设，用于虚拟条件句中。如：
If it were to rain, we would get wet. 要是下雨，我们就会淋湿。
F. 表示注定要发生或后来必然发生。如：
This experience was to change his life. 这次经历注定要改变他的生活。
注：不定式作表语与上述用法是不同的。如：
My idea is to go there today. 我的意思是今天就去那里。
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