英语常用时态-勤学培训网

在语法里，时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式，通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。下面小编告诉你英语常用时态，大家一起来看看吧!

英语常用时态：

过去进行时：was /were + doing

一般过去式：动词过去式(动词一般都加ed，不规则的只要记几个常用的就好了，比如steal 、leave、lay等)

现在完成时： have/has + 动词过去分词(一般看到 for three year /since 就用现在完成时)

现在进行时： is/are/am +doing

一般现在时：主语+动词的单数第三人称主语+动词原形(简单来说就是自己动词不加s，别人动词加s)

过去完成时： had +动词过去分词

一般将来时： will +动词原形

英语动词时态过去进行时：

1. 构成

was / were+动词的现在分词。

2. 基本用法

(1) 表示过去某一时间点或一段时间正在进行的动作。如：

What were you doing this time yesterday? 你昨天这个时候在干什么?

Granny fell asleep when she was reading. 奶奶看书时睡着了。

He was writing a book about grammar last year, but I don’t know whether he has finished it.他去年在写一本语法方面的书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了。

What were you talking about just now? 你们刚才在谈什么?

He was working from 7 to 11 last night. 昨晚他从七点一直工作到十一点。

(2) 过去进行时与 always, forever, continually等副词连用，表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等表示感情色彩。如：

My brother was always losing his keys. 我哥哥老是丢钥匙。

The boy was continually asking the same question. 这个男孩子老是问同一个问题。

(3)动词wonder, hope, think, want等的过去进行时表示语气委婉、客气。如：

We were wondering if you would stay with us for lunch. 我不知你能否留下来和我们一起吃午饭。

I was hoping you give me a chance to try the job. 我很希望你给我一个机会来试一试这个工作。

(4)过去进行时表将来。如：

—What were you doing when he came to see you?

—I had just finished my homework and was leaving to

He said his brother was leaving for Japan tomorrow. 他说他哥哥明天要去日本。

3. 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别

(1) 过去进行时通常表示一个过去正在进行的动作;而一般过去时则通常表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如：

I was reading the newspaper last night. 我昨晚在看书。(不一定看完)

I read the newspaper last night. 我昨晚看了报纸。(已经看完)

He was building a model ship out of wood. 他在那里修一座桥。(不一定建成)

He built a model ship out of wood. 他用木头造了个模型船。(已建成)

(2) 少数动词如rain, snow, cough, wear, feel, work等的一般过去时并不表示动作完成，这时用两种时态都可以，且含义区别不大。如：

It snowed / was snowing all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雪。

She didn’t feel / wasn’t feeling well that day. 那天她感到不太舒服。

The child coughed / was coughing all night. 这孩子咳嗽了一整夜。

英语动词时态一般过去时：

一、构成

由动词的过去式表示。be 和have分别为was / were和had.

二、基本用法

(1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。这个时间可以通过具体的时间状语、从句或上下文等来表示。如：

She bought her friend a present yesterday. 她昨天买了一件礼物给她的朋友。

I lived in this village when I was a boy. 当我还是个孩子的时候我住在这个村庄里。

I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。

I couldn't sew until I was six. 我直到六岁时才会用针缝东西。

—Alice is not coming to your birthday party tonight.

—But she promised.

—艾利斯今晚不来参加你的生日聚会了。

—但是她答应要来的。

(2) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。如：

We used to go there every year. 我每年都去那儿。

We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。

The little boy made a living by selling newspaper. 那个小男孩靠卖报谋生。

She usually went out on Saturday nights. 她通常在周六晚上外出。

(3) 有些情况，发生的时间虽然不很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的，也要用过去时。如：

It was a pity you didn’t go to the lecture. 很遗憾你没去听讲座。

I was glad to hear from you. 很高兴收到你的信。

How did you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎样?

三、一般过去时表现在

(1) 少数动词want, wonder, think, hope, intend等的一般过去时表示委婉的现在。如：

Did You Want to tell me something? 你想告诉我什么吗?。

I wondered if you could have a word with me. 请问您能否和我谈一谈。

I thought you might like some flowers. 我想您也许想要些花。

I hoped you could help me with my English. 我希望你能帮我学英语。

(2) 在宾语从句中，因时态呼应的关系，可用一般过去时表示现在。如：

I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here? 我不知道你在伦敦，你在这儿多久了?

I clearly forgot it was my birthday today. 我确实忘了今天是我的生日。

(3) think, mean等动词的过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况。如：

I meant to get up early, but forgot to set the alarm.我本想要早起，但忘记了上闹钟。

I never thought to work here.我从未料到会在这儿上班。

I didn’t expect to meet you here. 我没想到在这儿碰到你。

(4)在某些句型中一般过去时表示现在或将来。如：

It’s high time you started. 你早就该动身了。

I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁。

I wish I had a car some day. 要是我们来日有一辆车多好啊。

I’d rather it were winter now. 我但愿现在是冬天。

I’d rather you come next Monday. 我宁愿你下周星期一来。

If I had the money now, I would buy an English-English dictionary. 如果我现在有钱，我就买本英-英词典。

She talked as if he knew everything. 她说话的神情，好像她什么都知道似的。

英语动词时态现在完成时：

1. 构成

have / has +动词的过去分词

2. 基本用法

(1)表示一个过去发生或已完成的动作对现在影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况(表示“已完成”)。如：

I've had two letters from him. 我已收到他的两封信。

He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。

Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。

I have seen you before, but I can't remember where. 我以前见过你，但是不记得在哪里了。

Have you finished your homework? 你做完作业了吗?

(2) 表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会持续下去(表示“未完成”)。如：

Since then, he has developed another bad habit. 自那以后,它养成了另一种环习惯。

They have been friends ever since they were in grade school. 他们从小学起就一直是好朋友。

How long have you been here? 你来多久了?

We haven't seen each other for ages. 我们好久没见面了。

I’ve finished half so far. 到目前为止我只完成一半。

注：非延续性动词不能与表示一般时间的状语连用。如：

误：He has died for two years. 他死了两年了。

正：He has been dead for two years.

正：He died two years ago.

误：The film has begun for ten minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。

正：The film has been on for ten minutes.

正：The film began ten minutes ago.

(3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时完成的动作。例如：

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.我做完作业后去你家。

If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park. 如果中午雪停了，我们就去公园。

I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。

(4)现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作。如：

He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。

3. 与现在完成时连用的常用词语

能与现在完成时连用词语很多，just, already, yet, before, never, ever, recently 等，但常见的有：

(1) since自从，如：

I have been there many times since the war. 自那次战争以来，我曾去该地多次。

We haven’t seen each other since last week. 自上周以来我们一直未见过面。

We have been friends ever since. 自此以后我们一直是朋友。

有时可用其它时态。如：

It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。

It is five years since he came here. 他来这里五年了。

(2) so far到目前为止，如：

So far we have learned 2000 English words. 目前为止我们已学了两千个英语单词了。

So far the search for the missing middle-aged woman has been fruitless. 到目前为止,还没有找到那失踪的中年妇女。

We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。

(3) in / for / during the past / last … years 在过去 / 最近…中：

I've been ill for the past three weeks. 我三周来一直在生病。

Great changes have taken place in the last three years 最近三年我们学校发生很大变化。

I have been here (for) the last / past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。

(4) up to / until now 到现在为止，如：

Up to now he’s been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。

I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。

Up until now we have planted over 20000 trees. 到目前为止我们已经种了两万棵树了。

Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。

Up to now, Mr. Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. 到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个汽车修理部发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。

(5) It’s / will be the first / second… time that…这是第一 / 二… 次…，如：

It’s the first time I’ve been here. 这是我第一次来这儿。

Don’t forget, it’ll be the first time I’ve spoken in public. 别忘了，这是我第一次在公共场合发言。

It is the second time I have met here today. 这是我今天第二次见到他了。

4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系; 而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。比较：

Has the plane arrived? 飞机到达了吗?

When did it arrive? 什么时候到的?

He has bought a car. 他买了一部车。

He bought a house two years ago. 他两年前买了一部车。

5. have been to 和have gone to的区别

两者均可后接地点，have been to表示去过某地，现在不在某地;have gone to表示到某地去了，现在不在此地。比较：