医疗保健英文怎么说

医疗保健是直接、负责地提供与药物治疗相关的服务，其目的是达到改善病人生命质量的确切效果。在中国，每千人口拥有医生1.5人，病床2.4张。北京、上海、天津、重庆等大城市中均设有高水平的肿瘤、心脑血管、眼科、牙科、中医以及传染病等各种专科医院和众多综合医院；各省、自治区的中等城市中均设有现代化设施完备的综合医院和专科医院。县、乡、村三级医疗预防保健网在广大农村具有一定基础，县有中心医院，乡镇有卫生院，行政村设有医疗点。由于医疗保健机构的建立健全以及人们卫生习惯的逐渐养成，中国人口死亡原因由过去的以传染病、寄生虫病为主转变为现在的以恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和心脏病为主，死因构成已接近发达国家水平。城乡居民的健康水平有较大提高，全国人口平均预期寿命达到73岁。那么，医疗保健英文怎么说呢？

What is medical care

什么是医疗保健

In 2010 China had 920,000 medical, health-care and epidemic prevention institutions (including clinics), with 3.19 million beds, and 4.49 million medical personnel. In Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing and other large cities, various high-level specialized hospitals of tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, ophthalmological and dental diseases, traditional Chinese medicine and infectious diseases can be found, in addition to a large number of general hospitals. Medium-sized cities in all the provinces and autonomous regions have general and specialized hospitals equipped with modern facilities. Now medical, prevention, and health-care networks at the county, township and village levels have taken shape in the countryside. At present, there are more than 2,000 hospitals at the county level, and more than 50,000 hospitals at the township and town levels. Of the 730,000 administrative villages, 89.8 percent have medical centers. China has a total of 1.28 million rural doctors and paramedics. Thanks to the founding and perfection of the medical and health care institutions and the fact that the people have gradually cultivated the habit of paying attention to personal hygiene, the Chinese people mainly die of malignant tumors, or cerebrovascular or heart diseases now instead of infectious and parasitic diseases in the past. The death causes for the Chinese people are very close to those of the developed countries. The urban and rural people’s health has greatly improved. The average life expectancy of the Chinese people increased from 35 years old on the eve of Liberation in 1949, to 70.9 years old in 1995, and to 73 years old in 2009.

“Putting prevention first” is an important experience of China’s health care work. Government health departments at all levels have always followed this principle, and have worked hard to prevent and control infectious, local and parasitic diseases that are detrimental to the people’s health. The administrative areas at all levels have formed a national health care anti-epidemic network with anti-epidemic stations and other prevention institutions as the mainstay. In the early 1960s, China had already eliminated smallpox, more than 10 years earlier than in the world as a whole.

To concentrate efforts on eliminating or controlling infectious and local diseases gravely threatening the people’s health, the Chinese government promulgated the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the National Action Plan for Eliminating Poliomyelitis in 1995, the China Outline of the Program for Eliminating Iodine Deficiency Diseases in 2000 and other legal documents, thus further strengthening the prevention and Control of diseases. Thanks to China’s remarkable achievements in preventing and controlling diseases, the Department of Disease Control of the Ministry of Health has been awarded a special achievement prize by the World Health Organization.

“预防为主”是中国卫生工作的重要经验之一，各级行政区域(administrative region)均建立以卫生防疫站(health and epidemic prevention station)等预防保健机构(prevention and health care institution)为主、具有卫生监督管理(hygiene supervision)和防病职能的机构，形成了全国性的卫生监督和防疫网络(health monitoring and prevention network)。以为居民提供预防为主、综合治疗与保健(comprehension treatment and care)为基本特征的社区卫生服务(community health service)，近几年在城市医药卫生体制改革和社区建设的推动下，已由个别城市逐步扩展到大多数城市，并越来越受居民的欢迎。社区卫生服务的发展，适应了城市化(urbanization)、人口老龄化(aging population)、疾病普遍化及社会阶层的变化，为改善卫生服务提供了切实的方案。现在，一个以社区卫生服务中心(站) (community health center)为主体，其他基层医疗机构(primary health care institution)为补充的社区卫生服务网络正在全国各大中城市逐步形成。