噪音污染英语怎么说

随着近代工业的发展，环境污染也随之产生。噪声污染就是环境污染的一种，已经成为对人类的一大危害。噪声是发生体做无规则运动时发出的声音。声音由物体振动引起，以波的形式在一定的介质（如固体、液体、气体）中进行传播。噪声污染与水污染、大气污染、固体废弃物污染被看成是世界范围内四个主要环境问题。那么，噪音污染英语怎么说呢？

What is noise pollution

什么是噪声污染

Sound pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts the activity or balance of human or animal life. The word noise comes from the Latin word nauseas, meaning seasickness.

The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly construction and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft noise and rail noise.Poor urban planning may give rise to sound pollution, since side-by-side industrial and residential buildings can result in sound pollution in the residential area.

Indoor and outdoor sound pollution sources include car alarms, emergency service sirens, mechanical equipment, fireworks, compressed air horns, grounds keeping equipment, barking dogs, appliances, lighting hum, audio entertainment systems, and electric megaphones, and loud people.

Noise health effects are both health and behavioral in nature. The unwanted sound is called noise. This unwanted sound can damage physiological and psychological health. Sound pollution can cause annoyance and aggression, hypertension, high stress levels, tinnitus, hearing loss, sleep disturbances, and other harmful effects. Furthermore, stress and hypertension are the leading causes to health problems, whereas tinnitus can lead to forgetfulness, severe depression and at times panic attacks.

Chronic exposure to noise may cause noise-induced hearing loss. Older males exposed to significant occupational noise demonstrate significantly reduced hearing sensitivity than their non-exposed peers, though differences in hearing sensitivity decrease with time and the two groups are indistinguishable by age 79. A comparison of Maaban tribesmen, who were insignificantly exposed to transportation or industrial noise, to a typical U.S. population showed that chronic exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise contributes to hearing loss.High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects and exposure to moderately high levels during a single eight hour period causes a statistical rise in blood pressure of five to ten points and an increase in stress and vasoconstriction leading to the increased blood pressure noted above as well as to increased incidence of coronary artery disease.

Sound pollution is also a cause of annoyance. A 2005 study by Spanish researchers found that in urban areas households are willing to pay approximately four Euros per decibel per year for noise reduction.

噪声污染（sound pollution）按声源的机械特点可分为：气体扰动(gas disturbance)产生的噪声、固体振动(solid vibration)产生的噪声、液体撞击(liquid impact)产生的噪声以及电磁(electromagnetism)作用产生的电磁噪声。

噪声污染对人、动物、仪器仪表以及建筑物均构成危害，其危害程度主要取决于噪声的频率(frequency)、强度(intensity)及暴露时间(exposure time)。控制噪音环境，除了考虑人的因素之外，还须兼顾经济和技术上的可行性(feasibility)。充分的噪音控制，必须考虑噪音源(noise source)、传音途径(acoustic approach)、受音者所组成的整个系统。控制噪音的措施可以针对上述三个部分或其中任何一个部分。