托福 阅读长难句分析
托福阅读中，长难句一直都是同学们最大的障碍。长难句一方面影响大家对文章的理解，同时也会影响大家的阅读速度。因此为大家整理了一些比较典型的长难句，来为大家做详细的解析。
壹
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet itspurpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them——even while building materials have changed dramatically.
(In order for the structure) (to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose),architecture employs methods of support that, (because they are based on physical laws), have changed little since people first discovered them—— (even while building materials have changed dramatically. )
分析：一个句子重点在于主干，看懂了主干，就看懂了句子的主要成分。以下主干为句子中红色部分，括号里均是修饰成分。
修饰一：(In order for the structure)，介词短语。
修饰二：(to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose)，非谓语做形容词性修饰structure。
修饰三：(because they are based on physical laws)，插入语，插入语记得先跳过去，断句别出问题，that和have changed是在一起的。
修饰四：(that have changed little sincepeople first discovered them.从句修饰support。
修饰五：(even while building materials have changed dramatically. )，从句。
括号外面的是主干：architectureemploys methods of support，注意support这里是名词。
已经拆成这么短了，你再试试看，应该能看懂了吧?其实在理解句子的时候比较容易犯错在于断句和语序，语序和中文有差异。
参考翻译：为了使结构达到必要的大小和强度去满足它的目的，建筑学上使用了一些支撑的方法，因为这些方法都是基于物理定律，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大变化，这些方法却自人们发现它们以来就没有什么变化。
贰
Fuller devised a type of dance that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore, which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms, sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes.
voluminous/və'lʊmənəs/adj.(指衣物)用料多的, 宽松的, 肥大的;
drapery/'drepəri/n.布料
wand/wɑnd/ n. 棍; 棒; 杖; (尤指小仙子或魔术师用的)魔杖
costume/'kɑstum/ n. 服装, 服装式样
Fuller devised a type of dance (that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore), (which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms), (sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes).
分析：
修饰一：(that focused on the shifting play of lights and colors on the voluminous skirts or draperies she wore)，从句，修饰dance，大家注意skirts or draperies (she wore)这里还有一个从句哦。
中文：专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色
修饰二：(which she kept in constant motion principally through movements of her arms)，从句，修饰前面skirts or draperies，其实是keep skirts or draperies inconstant motion…
中文：她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动
修饰三：(sometimes extended with wands concealed under her costumes)，非谓语动词，修饰arms。主要这里with wands (concealed under her costumes)中concealed under her costumes修饰wands
中文：有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长
主干：括号外面的，Fullerdevised a type of dance
参考翻译：Fuller设计了一种(专注于灯光的变换和她所穿宽松的裙子或布料颜色)的舞蹈，在舞蹈中，她主要通过手臂的移动使裙子或布料保持连续的移动，有时候手臂由于隐藏在衣服下面的手杖而变长。
这个句子的主要修饰成分就是从句和非谓语动词，大家务必想清楚，每一个修饰成分修饰的是什么，才能看清楚这个句子的结构。
