商务英语写论文怎么定题

光阴似箭，一转眼就到了人间的毕业季，商务英语的小伙伴们也要写论文啦，接下来为大家整理的商务英语写论文怎么定题，欢迎来查阅。

一、理论联系实际，注重现实意义

毕业论文的题材十分广泛，社会生活、经济建设、科学文化事业的各个方面、各个领域的问题，都可以成为论文的题目。马克思主义认识论告诉我们，理论来源于实践，理论为实践服务。因此科学研究的选题首先要注意理论联系实际。

第一，注意选题的实用价值，选择具有现实意义的题目。所谓论文的实用价值，就是指我们选的题目，应是与社会生活密切相关、为干百万人所关心的问题，特别是社会主义现代化建设事业中亟待解决的问题。这类问题反映着一定历史时期和阶段社会生活的重点和热点，是与广大人民群众的利益息息相关的。我们运用自己所学的理论知识对其进行研究，提出自己的见解，探讨解决问题的方法，这是很有意义的。这不仅能使自己所学的书本知识得到一次实际的运用，而且能提高自己分析问题和解决问题的能力。有现实意义的题目大致有三个来源：一是社会主义现代化建设事业中急需回答的重大理论和实践问题。如建立现代企业制度，抑制通货膨胀，精神文明建设，民主法制建设，加强廉政建设等等。二是本地区、本部门、本行业在工作实践中遇到的理论和现实问题。三是作者本人在工作实践中提出来的理论和现实问题。

第二，要注意选题的理论价值。我们强调选题的实用价值，并不等于急功近利的实用主义，也绝非提倡选题必须有直接的效益作用。作为论文，无论是形式还是内容都和工作总结、调查报告有着区别。一般说来，它由论点、论据、论证三大要素构成，文章要以逻辑思维的方式为展开的依据，在事实的基础上展开严谨的推理过程，得出令人信服的结论。它着重探讨和研究事物发展的客观规律，阐述自己对这些规律的了解与认识，给人以认识上的启迪。因此，选择现实性较强的题目，还要考虑其有无理论和认识上的价值，即有无普遍性的意义，能否能进行理论的分析和综合，从个别上升到一般，从具体上升为抽象。有些题目也并不一定直接与现实挂钩或有直接的实际用途，但从发展的眼光看，这些题材能够表示某种趋势，或对现实有借鉴的作用，因而也就具有理论价值，这样的题目当然也是可以选的。

二、勤于思索，刻意求新

毕业论文成功与否、质量高低、价值大小，很大程度上取决于文章是否有新意。所谓新意，即论文中表现自己的新看法、新见解、新观点。有了较新颖的观点(即在某一方面或某一点上能给人以启迪)，文章就有了灵魂，有了存在的价值。对文章的新意，可以从以下几个方面着眼：

第一，从观点、题目到材料直至论证方法全是新的。这类论文写好了，价值较高，社会影响也大，但写作难度大。选择这一类题目，作者须对某些问题有相当深入的研究，且有扎实的理论功底和写作经验。对于毕业论文来讲，限于条件，选择这类题目要十分慎重。

第二，以新的材料论证旧的课题，从而提出新的或部分新的观点、新的看法。

第三，以新的角度或新的研究方法重做已有的课题，从而得出全部或部分新观点。

第四，对已有的观点、材料、研究方法提出质疑，虽然没有提出自己新的看法，但能够启发人们重新思考问题。

1.书信结构不合理，重点不突出

根据七C原则,商务英语书信写作必须注意开门见山,说明来函意图,且每封信函需主要围绕一个主题进行展开,突出重点,避免结构松散或主题不突出。以一次课堂书信写作作业为例(观察对象为首次学习商务英语的市场营销专业大二学生,共40人)。

Write a letter with the following particulars:(1)十一月十二日来函收悉，获悉你方有意在贵国推销我们的自行车,对此,我方非常感兴趣。(2)对你方为推销自行车所作的努力我方甚为感激。(3)但对你方要求以见票后六十天承兑交单方式付款一事，我方难以考虑。(4)我方的通常做法是要求即期信用证付款。(5)为了促进我方自行车在贵方市场上的销售，我方准备接受即期付款交单方式,以示特别照顾。(6)希望你方能接受上述付款条件并盼早日收到回音。

本书信写作重点显而易见，即商谈关于付款方式问题。但参与习作的学生中有8名( 20% ) 学生将大量笔墨用于对对方的来信及销售努力表示感谢，关于付款方式则用两三句话匆匆带过。书信重点不突出，极易造成对方的疏忽。正所谓面面俱到则常常面面不到。商务书信的特点决定其必须围绕一个主题，要有所取舍，惜墨如金。

2.口语化表达严重

大概是因为非英语专业学生，观察对象完成的书信作业中或多或少的出现口语化表达的问题。商务英语书信为正式文体,其实质为一种商业书面谈判,自然应采用书面语,遵循正式、礼貌、克制的特点。但由于学生的语言知识限制及平时用语习惯的限制，13 名学生( 33%) 的作业或多或少的存在口语化的问题。如: We feel regret that we can’t accept your terms of payment. 这是商务英语书信写作初学者最常犯的错误之一。英文书面文体中应尽量避免出现缩写形式。缩写即将两个词合二为一( 如don’t; isn’t; won’t 等) 。这是一种不规范的写法，若误用于正式文体则会给人一种不正规、不严肃、不礼貌的感觉。正确的用法应为:We feel regret that we cannot accept your terms of payment.

3.敬语缺失

商务英语书信的一大特点是有理有节。作为贸易双方谈判的方式,在措辞上要注意既要维护自身的利益及尊严,又要考虑到对方的感受,因此必须字斟句酌，以免伤了感情甚至坏了生意。初学者大多没有商场上的经验,所以在这方面容易忽略,有措词过于唐突之嫌。如:We highly appreciate your efforts in pushing sales of our products，but we cannot accept your terms of payment. 此句前半句表达合情合理,但后半句表达过于直白,建议采用较为委婉的表达方式:While we appreciate yourefforts in pushing sales of our products，we regret to saythat we cannot accept your terms of payment.

4.专业术语表达有误

商务英语中有不少商业术语,如若不能很好把握其表达方法,极易造成对方误解或不理解，给谈判双方带来诸多不便，甚至会导致贸易损失。因此,在术语表达上切不可马虎大意,应三思而后下笔。如例文中的术语见票后六十天承兑交单方式( Payment by D/ A at 60 days.. sight).就是学生进行书信写作时的一个难点。学生的表达多种多样: 60 days D/ A after sight; D/ A after 60 days; D/ Apaid after 60 days; D/ A terms of 60 days。这些表达虽内行人亦能读懂，但因其不规范，终属表达错误。商场如战场,来不得半点马虎。商务英语书信写作的学习者应特别留意专业术语的学习与记忆,以免铸成大错。

1)论普通词汇在商务英语中的语义分析

2)商务书信开头语的研究

3)论商务礼仪在商务活动中的重要性

4)论商务英语的学习方法

5)论商务谈判中语言的交际技巧

6)论信用证软条款的防犯与化解

7)论多媒体网络与商务英语学习

8)论新生产品如何在国际市场赢得消费者(或市场份额)

9)英美法系与大陆法系的异同比较研究

10)论商务文化对翻译的影响因素

11)论谈判者的跨文化谈判成功中的基本要求

12)论英语广告中常见的语义修辞

13)论商务营销中的文化差异与影响

14)对谈判技巧的对比研究

15)我对商务谈判前期准备工作重要性的认识

16)论国际商务营销调研中的对策问题

17)我国入世后对保险业的挑战与机遇

18)主要几种国际贸易术语新解

19)论 FOB、CFR和CIF项下的买卖双方权力与义务

20)美国产品责任法与中国产品责任法的对比研究

21)论影响产品定价的主要因素

22)论有限责任公司股东与无限责任公司股东的权力与义务

23)论出口商如何防范托收中的风险

24)论人员销售策略在国际商事中的应用

25)论网络的快速发展对国际商务的影响

Impacts of Cultural Differences on International Business Negotiation

Abstract

With the economic globalization and the frequent business contacts, cultural differences seem to be very important; otherwise they could cause unnecessary misunderstanding, even affect the result of the business negotiations. This means it is very important to know the different culture in different countries and the ways to avoid the culture conflicts in the international business negotiations.

The article commences from the types of culture differences, then it explains the impacts of these culture differences on international business negotiation and finally it analyzes how to deal with the problem of the cultural differences correctly in negotiation process.

Key words: Culture; Cultural differences; Business negotiation; Impact.

1. Types of Culture Differences

1.1Value View

Value view is the standard that people use to asses objective things. It includes time view, equality view and objectivity. People may draw a different or even contradictory conclusion about the same thing. Value view is one of the most important differences among the many factors.

1.2. Negotiating Style

Negotiating style refers to the tolerance and graces which the negotiator shows in the negotiation. The negotiators show their negotiating style through behavior, manners and the method of controlling negotiation process during the negotiation.

1.3. Thinking Model

Thinking model reflects the culture. Because of the influences of history background, continents, words and living method, different nations generate different thinking models. Surely, there is more than one thinking model of a nation, but one is more obvious compared with others.

2. Impact of Cultural Differences on International Business

Negotiations

With the rapid development of economy, we need to do business with businessmen under different culture background, so in order to reach trade agreement, it is necessary for us to study the impact of culture differences on international

negotiation in global business activities. The impact of culture differences on international negotiation is extensive and deeply. Different cultures divide the people into different group and they are also the obstacles of people’s communication.

Accordingly, it is required that the negotiator should accept the culture of each other. Furthermore, through culture differences, it is important that the negotiator reveal and understand the other party’s goal and behavior and make him or herself be accepted by the opponent to reach agreement finally.

3. Coping Strategy of Negotiating across Cultures

3.1 Making Preparations before Negotiation.

The negotiators must make good preparations if they want control the development of negotiation successfully in the complex situation. When making preparations, you should try to know the opponents while you analyze yourselves. Analyzing yourselves mainly refers to studying if the project is feasible. To knowing about the opponents means understanding their strength such as credit status, the policy, business customs and so on.

3.2 Overcoming Cultural Prejudice

Tolerating different cultures and overcoming cultural prejudice contribute to better communicating with each other and understanding each other. We should learn about the foreign cultures before negotiation and accept and understand their cultures in negotiation, because every country regard their own cultures as a matter of course and hope that their culture could be recognized and accepted.

3.3 Conquering Communication Barriers

In negotiation, sometimes we can’t make much progress although we have talked for long time. And sometimes both parties are not satisfied. After thinking, that is caused by communication barriers which happen easily in cross-cultural negotiation.

We should make sure if there appear communication barriers, if so, we must overcome them. Generally speaking, we should pay more attention to the following three communication barriers in cross-cultural negotiation: the communication barriers caused by culture background of both; the ones caused by misunderstanding of the contents and information from the partner; the ones caused by not being willing to accept the opponent’s contents and ideas.

Conclusion

“Social Customs varies in different countries”. In a word, cross- cultural communication will meet the problem of culture differences surely. In turn, culture differences also influence all aspects of international business communication. To avoid or to resolve the culture differences is a huge task in international business negotiation. In order to step into the international market successfully, we must have the awareness of culture differences, acknowledge culture differences and understand different cultures.

Try to know yourself and know them. What’s more, we should respect different behavior of businessmen under different culture background, and then we could reduce unnecessary conflicts resulting from not respecting the opponents.

It is beneficial for both to form an atmosphere of mutual trust and cooperation, reduce culture differences and turn disadvantages into advantages and benefits. Thus, we could avoid conflicts and obstacles, then to promote communication and harmony in international business negotiation.