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英语助动词do用法

助动词用来构成时态和语态。 助动词具有语法意义,但没有词汇意义,不可单独作谓语。下面小编告诉你英语助动词do用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语助动词do用法:
1.表示强调
可以用「do + 动词原型」来表示强调。看下面的句子:
Do write and let me know how you're getting on. 务必写信告诉我你的情况。
Do stay and have dinner with us. 一定得留下来和我们一起吃饭。
Your garden does look nice. 你的花园的确很漂亮。
My memory isn't very good, but I do remember what she was wearing.
我记忆力不太好,但我确实记得她穿了什么。
英语助动词do用法
2.用来表示「足够」「适合」
同样是高中英语知识点,DO 的这一层含义常出现在语法单选题里。但在日常的对话中的确很常用。
关于「足够」,你可能想到了 be enough,或者动词 suffice;关于「适合」,你可能想到了 be suitable /
appropriate 等等;
但在口语里,一个 DO 就足够了,看下面的句子:
—— Can you lend me some money? 你能借我点钱吗?
—— Certainly, will £10 do? 当然,10英镑够吗?
The box will do fine as a table. 那个盒子当桌子刚刚好。
Will next Friday do for our meeting? 我们的会议下星期五开行吗?
This room will do us very nicely. 这个房间非常适合我们。
These shoes won't do for climbing. 这些鞋不适合登山。
DO 的这一层含义常常使用 will do 这样的组合。
3.万能动词
在口语里,有时要是找不到合适的动词,那就尝试着用 DO 吧。看了下面的这些「万能用法」 你就知道 DO 的魔力了:
do a song 唱一首歌
do a dance 跳一支舞
do a movie 看一场电影
do lunch 吃午饭(三餐前不加冠词)
do the dishes 洗盘子
do the bedroom 整理房间
do the hair 整理头发
do the laundry 洗衣服
do chicken 烹饪鸡肉
当然还有「do + 动词ing」这样的「万能组合」
do the cleaning 打扫卫生
do the cooking 做饭
do the shopping 购物
4. 各种「短语动词」
DO 的后面跟上不同介词、副词之后可以延伸出许多简单生动的「短语动词」,一起来看下面的这些句子:
A lot of the restrictions on imports have been done away with.
许多对进口的限制已经取消了。
What I do on my own time has nothing to do with you. 我私人时间干什么都和你没有关系。
5.各种口语短句
再来看和 do 相关的那些常用口语短句,同样非常具有「表现力」:
—— Can you lend me ten dollars? 你能借我10美元吗?
—— Nothing doing! 没门!
That'll do, children ― you're getting far too noisy. 歇歇吧,孩子们,你们太吵了。
That does it! I've had enough of your sarcasm. I'm leaving.
够了!你那些挖苦人的话我已经受不了啦,我走!
有关do的若干用法注意:
用法较多,较复杂,在具体使用中以下几点需注意:
1. 用来强调句中的谓语动词(要重读),以加强语气,此时谓语的时态由 do 来体现,其后的谓语动词一律用原形。如:
She does seem to be trying. 看来她的确正在努力做。
He did come but soon went back. 他是来了,但很快就回去了。
She thinks I don’t love her, but I do love her. 她认为我不爱她, 可是我真的爱她。
如果这类句子后接反意疑问句,疑问部分的助动词与前面的do采用相同的形式。如:
Michael did say he would be here at nine, didn’t he? 迈克尔确实说他将于9点到这里,不是吗?
这类用法若用于祈使句,可使语气更客气友好或更有说服力。如:
Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。
Do come to the party tonight. 请今晚一定来参加晚会。
以上用 do 表示强调的用法只见于肯定句,不见于否定句或疑问句。如:
误:You don’t do look nice today.
误:Don’t do be careless.
2. 用于“do+动名词”:表示一项需要一段时间的活动或经常性的活动(如日常生活,业余爱好等)。注意:在这类用法中,在 do与动名词之间往往有一个限定词(如the, some, my, much, a lot of 等)。如:
She’s gone out to do some shopping. 她出去买东西了。
Mother does her washing on Sunday. 母亲星期天洗衣服。
He did a lot of running when he was young. 他年轻时经常跑步。
I stayed at home last night and did some reading. 昨晚我待在家里读了点书。
3. 用于 do with, 主要用法有:
(1) 表示需要或希望得到某物,通常与 could 连用,有时与 can, will 等连用。如:
I could do with a cup of tea. 我想来一杯茶。
You look as if you could do with a good night’s sleep. 你看来似乎需要好好睡上一夜。
若用于否定式,可表示“忍受”。如:
I can’t do with loud music. 我受不了喧闹的音乐。
(2) 用来询问如何处理某事物,此时通常要与 what 连用。如:
Tell me what to do with it. 告诉我该拿它怎么办。
What shall I do with your mail? 我应该怎么处理您的信件?
What did you do with the money that was left? 你对剩下的钱是怎么处理的?
比较 do with 与 do to:
What did you do with my book? 你把我的书弄到哪里去了?
What did you do to my book? 你把我书怎样了?(弄坏了还是丢掉了?)
与 what 连用的 do with有时还可以表示“利用”或“对付”。如:
I don’t know what to do with this strange object. 我不知道这怪东西有什么用。
What are you going to do with these hooligans? 你打算怎样处置这些小流氓?
(3) 表示打发时间或安排时间,其后通常接反身代词。如:
Tell me what you did with yourselves on Sunday. 告诉我你们星期天是怎样过的。
后接反身代词,有时表示“控制”。如:
The children didn’t know what to do with themselves for excitement. 孩子们兴奋得无法控制自己。
(4) 表示将就或凑合,意为“对付过去”“凑合着”等。如:
Can you do with a five-yuan note? 给你5块钱够了吗?
If we can’t afford meat we shall have to do with fish. 要是我们买不起肉,就只得吃鱼了。
4. 用于 do without,其意为“不要……而凑合过”“免去……也可以”。如:
I can do without a car. 我没有汽车也行。
No one can do without sleep for very long. 谁也不能长时间不睡觉。
若语义明确,有时可省略without后的宾语,将without用作副词。如:
If there isn’t one, I shall have to do without (it). 如果没有,我只好不用。
If there isn’t any milk we’ll have to do without (it). 如果没有牛奶,我们只好将就了。
动词persuade的用法:
1. 表示说服某人做某事,有以下3类句式可以使用:
(1) persuade sb to do sth
I want to persuade him to change his mind. 我想劝他改变主意。
Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home. 两人彼此劝说对方留在家里。
(2) persuade sb into doing sth
He persuaded her into going to the party. 他说服她参加这次聚会。
He persuaded his daughter to change her mind. 他说服女儿改变主意。
(3) persuade sb that-从句:注意从句前的sb不能省去,且谓语要用“should+v.”这样的虚拟语气。如:
She persuaded him that she was telling the truth. 她让他相信她讲的是真话。
比较以下同义句:
He persuaded her to marry him. 他说服了她嫁给他。
He persuaded her into marrying him. 他说服了她嫁给他。
He persuaded her that she should marry him. 他说服了她嫁给他。
2. persuade 表示“劝服”,若表示 “劝而不服或劝说不一定成功”时,应用 try [want] to persuade 或 advise。如:
They tried to persuade him to stay, but he just wouldn’t listen. 他们劝他留下,可他不听。
3. 表示“使相信”(=convince),常用于 persuade sb of sth /persuade sb+that-从句(从句前的 sb 仍不能省去,但从句谓语用陈述语气)。如:
我无法使他相信我是诚实的。
正:I could not persuade him of my honesty.
正:I could not persuade him that I was honest.
动词buy的用法:
1. 用作动词,表示“买”,可带双宾语;若双宾易位,通常要用介词 for。如:
我叔叔为我买了本英语词典。
正:My uncle bought me an English dictionary.
正:My uncle bought an English dictionary for me.
2. 表示向某人买某物,通常用介词 from。如:
He bought this watch from a friend. 他从一位朋友那儿买了这块手表。
3. 表示用多少钱买某物,通常用介词 for。如:
I bought the computer for $600. 我花600美元买了这台电脑
He bought it for very little money. 他买它只花了一点点钱。
注:有时也用介词 at, 侧重指价格。如:
He bought them for [at] 10p each. 他以每个10 便士的价格买下了它们。
4. 是终止性动词,因此在肯定句中不宜与一段时间连用。如:
这房子我已买了十年。
正:I bought this house ten years ago.
正:I have had this house for ten years.
正:It’s ten years since I bought this house.
误:I have bought this house for ten years.
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