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英语实义动词用法

实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。下面小编告诉你英语实义动词用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语实义动词用法:
1. 实义动词
它指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如:
He lives quite near. 他住得很近。
I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢茶而她喜欢咖啡。
He both speaks and writes French. 他既会说也会写法语
以上各句中的lives, like, likes, speaks, writes等均为实义动词,且在句中用作谓语。
英语实义动词用法
2. 助动词
它与实义动词相反,指的是那些本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语的动词。助动词根据它的不同用途也可分为好几类,如用于构成进行时态、完成时态、将来时态等的时态助动词be, have, will, shall等;用于构成被动语态的语态助动词be;用于表示不同情态的情态动词。如:
He is looking for a job. 他在找一份工作。
I have almost finished the book. 这本书我几乎已经看完了。
Tomorrow will be the first day of autumn. 明天是秋天的第一天。
He was struck by a stone. 他被石头击中。
You can come some other time. 你可以在其他时间来。
第一句中的is为时态助动词,它与现在分词looking一起构成现在进行时;第二句中的have也是时态助动词,它与过去分词finished一起构成现在完成时;第三句中的will仍为时态助动词,它与动词原形be一起构成一般将来时;第四句中的was为语态助动词,它与过去分词struck一起构成被动语态;最后一句中的can为情态助动词,在此表示“能力”,意为“能……”。
动词appear的用法:
1. 表示“出现”“露面”“到达”等,是不及物动词,因此既不能后接宾语,也不能用于被动语态。如:
雨后天空出现彩虹。
正:A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain.
误:A rainbow was appeared in the sky after the rain.
2. 表示“似乎”“好像”,是连系动词,其后可接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。如:
He appears (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。
He appears to be living in the area. 他似乎就住在这一带。
It appears a true story. 它似乎是一个真实的故事。
3. 在 it appears 后可接 that 从句或 as if 从句。如:
It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。
It appears as if she’s lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。
后接 that 从句时,有时可用 so, not 代之。如:
A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗?
B:It appears so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。
4. 有时可与there be句式搭配使用。如:
There appears to have been an accident. 好像出了事故。
There appears to be a problem with the oil pressure. 看来是油压出了问题。
5. 比较以下同义句型:
He appears to have been waiting a long time.= It appears that he has been waiting a long time. 看来他已经等了很久了。
There appears to have been a mistake.= It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。
动词answer的用法:
1. 用作动词,除表示“回答”“答复”外,还可表示“接(电话)”或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与call, bell, telephone, door, door-bell等连用)。如:
Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。
I can’t answer the telephone. I am having a bath. 我不能接电话,我正在洗澡。
Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sunday morning. She won’t be up. 星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。
2. 注意以下两个有用短语的用法:
(1) answer for 的用法:
① 对……负责。如:
You’ll have to answer for your carelessness. 你得对你的疏忽负责任。
② 对……受责,承担……的后果。如:
All these things are to be answered for. 所有这一切都是要偿还的。
③ 代表某人或支持某事物而讲话。如:
I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意,但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。
Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty. 我很了解她,当然能担保她诚实。
其后可接名词或代词,一般不接 that 从句,若要接这类从句,通常应先接形式宾语 it。如:
I can’t answer for his honesty.= I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。
(2) answer to的用法:
① 对……负责,向某人解释。如:
Who do you answer to in your new job? 你做的新工作要向谁负责?
② 对……有反应,顺从。如:
The dog answers to his name. 这狗听到自己的名字就有反应。
③ 由……控制:The plane answered smoothly to the controls. 这架飞机操纵自如。
3. 用作名词,表示“回答”“答复”“答案”“回应”等,注意以下各例中 answer 后接的介词是 to 而不是 of:
He got the answer to the riddle as quick as a flash. 他一下子就猜中了谜底。
I wish I knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的答案。
My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。
4. 用于短语 in answer to(作为回应)。如:
He came at once in answer to my phone call. 他一接到我的电话就来了。
In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日询问的书暂时无货,谨此奉复。
5. 比较answer与reply:两者均可表示“回答”,但answer 属常用词,多用于一般性应答,而reply则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复,若不细分,两者可换用。但是,answer可自由地用作及物或不及物动词,而reply除后接that从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词,其后若接名词或代词作宾语,应借助介词to:answer [reply to] a question 回答问题。
动词agree的用法:
1. 汉语的“同意某人做某事”,英语中不能直译为 agree sb to do sth, 而应根据情况改用其他结构。如:
He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让我早些回家。
不能说:He agreed me go home early.
He agreed to my leaving early on Friday. 他同意我星期五一早走。
不能说:He agreed me to leave early on Friday.
2. 注意以下几个短语的用法(尤其注意其介词搭配):
(1) agree on / upon
① 取得一致意见,达成协议。主要指双方通过协商而意见一致。如:
We agreed on a price for the car. 我们就车价达成了一致意见。
We cannot agree on the budget estimate. 我们不能在概算问题上取得一致。
② 同意。其后通常接动名词,表示同意做某事。如:
Tom agreed on helping us. 汤姆同意帮助我们。
He agreed on lending us some money. 他同意借给我们一些钱。
(2) agree to
① 同意(打算等)。主要指同意某一打算、安排、计划等。如:
We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。
She agreed to marriage. 她同意结婚。
② 同意或接受(建议等)。其后尤其接suggestion, plan, proposal等名词,与accept同义。如:
Do you think he will agree to my suggestion? 你认为他会接受我的建议吗?
We are glad to agree to your plan. 我们很高兴同意你方的计划。
③ 同意(做某事)。其后既可接动词原形(to是不定式符号),也可接动名词(一般有逻辑主语,to是介词)。如:
He agree to go with us. 他同意和我们一起去。
I never agreed to Mary marrying him. 我从来没同意玛丽嫁给他。
(3) agree with
① 同意。主要指同意某人,或同意某人的意见、想法、解释等。如:
John agrees with this idea. 约翰同意这个想法。
I agree with you about his latest book—it’s awful. 我同意你对他那本新书的意见——很糟糕!
② 对……适宜。主要指食物、天气、工作等方面的适宜。如:
The weather doesn’t agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。
I love prawns, but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃对虾,但遗憾的是吃了会不舒服。
③ 与……一致。如:
What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。
A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
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