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英语动词的分类及用法

动词是用来表示主语做什么(即行为动词),或表示主语是什么或怎么样(即状态动词)的词,下面小编告诉你英语动词的分类及用法,大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词的分类及用法:
一、及物动词
后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:
Give me some ink, please.(请给我一些墨水。)
If you have any questions, you can raise your hands.(如果你们有问题,你们可以举手。)
英语动词的分类及用法
二、不及物动词
后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:
He works hard.(他工作努力。)
Jack jruns faster than Mike.(杰克跑步比迈克要快些。)
Please look at the blackboard and listen to me.(请看黑板,听我说。)
He got and “A” this time because he went over his lessons carefully.(这次他得了个“A”,因为他仔细地复习了功课。)
[难点解释]
1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:
Who is going to speak at the meeting?(谁打算在会上发言?)speak, 不及物动词
Few people outside China speak Chinese.(在中国外很少人讲汉语。)speak,及物动词
2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时则相反。例如:
He is waiting for you.(他在等你。)
英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等”为及物动词。
Serve the people.(为人民服务。)
英语serve为及物动词,汉语“服务”为不及物动词。
英语动词短语的四种类型及用法:
一、动词+副词
有的一般不跟宾语,如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟宾语,如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意:宾语是名词时,放在副词前面或后面都可以,但若作宾语的是人称代词时,就只能放在动词和副词之间了。如:
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我们决定把会议推迟。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我们决定将它推迟。(不说put off it)
二、动词+介词
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必须接宾语。如:
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜欢喝茶。
三、动词+副词+介词
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:
She soon caught up with us. 她很快赶上了我们。
四、动词+名词+介词
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出贡献等。如:
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的时候,你要照顾好你弟弟。
动词的分类及用法:
一、持续性动词
表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
二、瞬间性动词
表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等。
以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持续性动词及瞬间性动词。
三、用法
1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:
He has studied English for three years.(他学英语已有3年了。)
He has joined the Party.(他已入党了。)
Mum isn’t at home. She has gone to the library.(妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。)
2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词则不能。例如:
His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour.(他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。)
My mother has lain in bde for 3 days.(我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。)
My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950.(我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。)3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:
(1)用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:
He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years.(他参军已有3年了。)不能用has joined
She has been up for quite some time.(她起床已有好久了。)不能用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time?(你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?)不能用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:
1、go——be away 2、come——be here
3、come back——be back 4、leave——be away(be not here)
5、buy——have 6、borrow——keep
7、die——be dead 8、begin——be on
9、finish——be over 10、open——be open
11、close——be closed 12、lose——be lost
13、get to know——know 14、turn on——be on
15、get up——be up 16、sit down——sit/be seated
17、join——be in(…)或be a…member
18、become——be
(2)用it is…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:
电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)
The film has been on for five minutes.
It’s five minutes since the film began.
他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)
He has been away from Shanghai for three days.
It is three days since he left Shanghai.
这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)
It’s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.
他找到他妹妹已有多久了?(一种方法)
How long is it since be found his sister?
4、瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:
I haven’t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)
英语动词的种类:
1.行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词 (vt)和不及物动词(vi),及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,后跟宾语;不及物动词表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能单独作谓语,但后面不能直接跟宾语,如要带宾语则与介词或副词构成短语
如:
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2.连系动词
连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等
如:
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3.助动词
助动词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定,疑问及动词的时态、语态、人称和数等语法特征,助动词有 be,do,have,shall,will等
如:
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4.情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等
如:
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? –No, you needn't
a. can与be able to的用法有所区别。can只用于一般现在时和过去时,指本身有能力的“能”;be able to用于各种时态均可,指须经过努力而“能”。
b. must与have/has to的用法。must表示说话人主观认为“必须”,只用于一般现在时和一般将来时;have/has to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,它可用于各种时态。
c.need和dare既可作情态动词也可作行为动词。
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